| Identification | More | [Name]
Vitamin E | [CAS]
10191-41-0 | [Synonyms]
5,7,8-TRIMETHYLTOCOL
ALL-RAC-ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL
ALPHA-DL-TOCOPHEROL
(+/-)-ALPHA-TOCOFEROL
(+/-)-ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL
ALPHA-TOCOPHEROLUM
A-TOCOPHEROL
DL-2,5,7,8-TETRAMETHYL-2-(4,8,12-TRIMETHYLTRIDECYL)-6-CHROMANOL
DL-5,7,8-TRIMETHYLTOCOL
DL-ALL-RAC-ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL
DL-ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL
DL-ALPHA TOCOPHERYL ACETATE 500
D, L-A-TOCOPHEROL
DL-PHYTOGERMINE
DL-PROFECUNDIN
DL-TOCOPHEROL
DL-VITAMIN E
DL-VITAMIN E ALCOHOL
IRGANOX E 201
RAC-ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL | [EINECS(EC#)]
233-466-0 | [Molecular Formula]
C29H50O2 | [MDL Number]
MFCD00072051 | [Molecular Weight]
430.71 | [MOL File]
10191-41-0.mol |
| Chemical Properties | Back Directory | [Melting point ]
2-4°C | [alpha ]
[α]D20 - 0.02 - +0.02゜ (neat) | [Boiling point ]
200-220°C 0,1mm | [density ]
0.950 g/mL at 20 °C(lit.)
| [refractive index ]
n20/D 1.506
| [Fp ]
240°C | [storage temp. ]
2-8°C
| [solubility ]
H2O: insoluble | [form ]
Pale yellow oil | [pka]
11.40±0.40(Predicted) | [color ]
Colourless to Dark Yellow | [Odor]
at 100.00?%. bland | [Water Solubility ]
Miscible with chloroform, vegetable oils, ether, acetone and alcohol. Immiscible with water. | [Sensitive ]
Light Sensitive | [Merck ]
14,10021 | [BRN ]
94012 | [InChIKey]
GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N | [LogP]
12.2 at 25℃ | [CAS DataBase Reference]
10191-41-0(CAS DataBase Reference) | [EPA Substance Registry System]
10191-41-0(EPA Substance) |
| Safety Data | Back Directory | [Hazard Codes ]
Xi | [Risk Statements ]
R36/37/38:Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin . | [Safety Statements ]
S26:In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice .
S37/39:Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection . | [RIDADR ]
UN1230 - class 3 - PG 2 - Methanol, solution | [WGK Germany ]
1
| [RTECS ]
GA8746000
| [F ]
8-10-23 | [TSCA ]
Yes | [HS Code ]
29362800 | [Hazardous Substances Data]
10191-41-0(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| Hazard Information | Back Directory | [Chemical Properties]
1mg = 1.1 IU | [Chemical Properties]
Alpha tocopherol is a natural product. The PhEur 6.0 describes
alpha-tocopherol as a clear, colorless or yellowish-brown, viscous,
oily liquid. | [Uses]
These Secondary Standards are qualified as Certified Reference Materials. These are suitable for use in several analytical applications including but not limited to pharma release testing, pharma method development for qualitative and quantitative analyses, food and beverage quality control testing, and other calibration requirements. | [Uses]
dl-α-Tocopherol is the racemic analog of α-Tocopherol (T526125), the most bioactive of the naturally occurring forms of Vitamin E. Richest sources are green vegetables, grains, and oils, particularly palm, safflower and sunflower oils.
dl-α-Tocopherol is an antioxidant that protects cell membrane lipids from oxidative damage. | [Uses]
DL-α-Tocopherol is used as an antioxidant that protects cell membrane lipids from oxidative damage. | [Definition]
ChEBI: 2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol is a tocopherol. | [Production Methods]
Naturally occurring tocopherols are obtained by the extraction or molecular distillation of steam distillates of vegetable oils; for example, alpha tocopherol occurs in concentrations of 0.1–0.3% in corn, rapeseed, soybean, sunflower, and wheat germ oils.Beta and gamma tocopherol are usually found in natural sources along with alpha tocopherol. Racemic synthetic tocopherols may be prepared by the condensation of the appropriate methylated hydroquinone with racemic isophytol. | [General Description]
TGF-β3 (transforming growth factor-β3) belongs to the TGF β superfamily. The TGFβ3 gene is mapped to human chromosome 14q24.3 | [Flammability and Explosibility]
Nonflammable | [Pharmaceutical Applications]
Alpha tocopherol is primarily recognized as a source of vitamin E,
and the commercially available materials and specifications reflect
this purpose. While alpha tocopherol also exhibits antioxidant
properties, the beta, delta, and gamma tocopherols are considered
to be more effective as antioxidants.
Alpha-tocopherol is a highly lipophilic compound, and is an
excellent solvent for many poorly soluble drugs.Of widespread
regulatory acceptability, tocopherols are of value in oil- or fat-based
pharmaceutical products and are normally used in the concentration
range 0.001–0.05% v/v. There is frequently an optimum
concentration; thus the autoxidation of linoleic acid and methyl
linolenate is reduced at low concentrations of alpha tocopherol, and
is accelerated by higher concentrations. Antioxidant effectiveness
can be increased by the addition of oil-soluble synergists such as
lecithin and ascorbyl palmitate.
Alpha tocopherol may be used as an efficient plasticizer. It has
been used in the development of deformable liposomes as topical
formulations.
d-Alpha-tocopherol has also been used as a non-ionic surfactant
in oral and injectable formulations. | [Biochem/physiol Actions]
TGF-β3 (transforming growth factor-β3) regulates lymphocyte proliferation, apoptosis, hematopoiesis and embryogenesis to maintain immune homeostasis. TGF-β plays an important role in cell growth, differentiation, and survival. TGF-β3 specifically promotes chondrogenic differentiation.TGF-β3 is a strong growth inhibitor for normal and transformed epithelial, lymphoid, fibroblast, and keratinocyte cells. TGF-2 inhibits antitumor action of NK (natural killer) cells, T-cells, macrophages, monocytes and neutrophils. TGF-β3 is a tumor suppressor in the early stages of carcinogenesis, but in the later stages acts as a tumor promoter by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stimulating angiogenesis. TGF-β isoforms is known to participate in wound healing and tissue fibrosis. TGF-β3 is crucial for tissue restoration and scarless tissue repair. Mutation in the TGFβ3 gene is associated with development of non-syndromic cleft palate only (NS CPO), a rare congenital disease. | [Safety]
Tocopherols (vitamin E) occur in many food substances that are
consumed as part of the normal diet. The daily nutritional
requirement has not been clearly defined but is estimated to be
3.0–20.0 mg. Absorption from the gastrointestinal tract is dependent
upon normal pancreatic function and the presence of bile.
Tocopherols are widely distributed throughout the body, with some
ingested tocopherol metabolized in the liver; excretion of metabolites
is via the urine or bile. Individuals with vitamin E deficiency are
usually treated by oral administration of tocopherols, although
intramuscular and intravenous administration may sometimes be
used.
Tocopherols are well tolerated, although excessive oral intake
may cause headache, fatigue, weakness, digestive disturbance, and
nausea. Prolonged and intensive skin contact may lead to erythema
and contact dermatitis.
The use of tocopherols as antioxidants in pharmaceuticals and
food products is unlikely to pose any hazard to human health since
the daily intake from such uses is small compared with the intake of
naturally occurring tocopherols in the diet.
The WHO has set an acceptable daily intake of tocopherol used
as an antioxidant at 0.15–2.0 mg/kg body-weight. | [storage]
Tocopherols are oxidized slowly by atmospheric oxygen and
rapidly by ferric and silver salts. Oxidation products include
tocopheroxide, tocopherylquinone, and tocopherylhydroquinone,
as well as dimers and trimers. Tocopherol esters are more stable to
oxidation than the free tocopherols but are in consequence less
effective antioxidants.
Tocopherols should be stored under an inert gas, in an airtight
container in a cool, dry place and protected from light. | [Purification Methods]
Dissolve dl--tocopherol in anhydrous MeOH (15mL/g) cool to -6o for 1hour, then chill in a Dry-ice/acetone bath; crystallisation is induced by scratching with a glass rod. The dl--acetate [52225-20-4] (see DL-vitamin E actetate below) is a viscous yellow liquid with m -7o, b 184o/0.01mm, 224o/0.3mm, d 4 20 0.953, n D 20 1.496. It is used as a standard for Vitamin E activity where the unit of activity is attained with 1mg of pure dl--acetate. [Friedrich “Vitamins” Water de Guyter Publ, Berlin 1988, Beilstein 17/4 V 168.] | [Incompatibilities]
Tocopherols are incompatible with peroxides and metal ions,
especially iron, copper, and silver. Tocopherols may be absorbed
into plastic. | [Regulatory Status]
GRAS listed. Accepted in Europe as a food additive. Included in the
FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (IV injections, powder, lyophilized
powder for liposomal suspension; oral capsules, tablets, and
topical preparations). Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable
Non-medicinal Ingredients. Included in nonparenteral medicines
licensed in the UK. |
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