ChemicalBook--->CAS DataBase List--->7440-32-6

7440-32-6

7440-32-6 Structure

7440-32-6 Structure
IdentificationMore
[Name]

TITANIUM
[CAS]

7440-32-6
[Synonyms]

Ti
t40
t60
75a
Rod
ti40
ti60
T 40
vt1l
vt-1l
vtl-0
vt1-0
vt1-1
vt1-2
vt-1d
ti75a
ti40a
ti50a
ati24
Titan
emo140
Oremet
imi115
imi130
jistp28
imi-125
IMI 115
Titanate
TITANIUM
TI007300
TI007955
TI007070
TI007460
TI007950
TI007931
TI007937
TI007945
TI004850
TI005121
TI005112
TI007500
TI005125
TI007911
TI007925
TI007295
TI005320
TI005122
TI006830
TI005128
TI004500
TI007930
TI007947
TI008720
TI007915
TI007050
TI007101
TI004600
TI005127
TI005129
TI005123
TI007210
TI007905
TI007941
TI005120
TI007401
TI005100
TI007250
TI007550
TI005126
TI005135
TI007936
TI005140
TI008710
TI007080
TI007921
TI007948
TI007100
TI007910
TI007916
TI007940
TI007938
TI007461
TI007060
TI005130
TI007350
TI004700
TI007920
Tritanium
6.4mmdia.
contimet30
cptitanium
NCI-C04251
titanvt1-1
titaniumvt1
Contimet 30
titanium50a
titaniuma-40
Titanium 50A
c.p.titanium
titanium-125
alpha-vt-1-0
Titanium rod
Titanium Foil
Ventron 00901
Titanium wire
titanium atom
Titanium Slag
C.P. Titanium
titaniumalloy
TITANIUM SLUG
TITANIUM METAL
Titanium alloy
Titanium cubes
Titanium plate
Titanium Sheet
Vulcano Actives
titanium foamed
Titanium,powder
TITANIUM SPONGE
39027 TITANIUM
TITANIUM STANDARD
Titanium granules
Titaniumrod(99.5%)
Titanium, Annealed
titaniumpowder,dry
titanium(drypowder)
Titanium, -100 Mesh
Titaniumwire(99.7%)
37637, Titanium (H)
Titaniumfoil(99.7%)
Titaniumpowder(99%)
Titanium foil1000mm
Titaniumwire(99.97%)
Titaniumwire(99.99%)
Titaniumfoil(99.6+%)
TITANIUM POWDER ) 2N
Titanium target (Ti)
Titanium foil25x75mm
Titanium powder (Ti)
TITANIUM AA STANDARD
Titanium foil90x90mm
Titanium foil50x50mm
Titanium foil75x75mm
Titanium Pellets 6 mm
Titanium gauze75x75mm
TITANIUM ICP STANDARD
TITANIUM: 99.6%, FOIL
Titanium foil90x560mm
Titaniumpowder(99.4%)
Titaniumpowder(99.7%)
TitaniuM ingot,5-15MM
titanium powder wetted
Titanium foil100x100mm
Titanium foil200x200mm
Titanium foil150x150mm
Titanium foil100x500mm
titaniumspongegranules
76076, Titanium (O, N)
49838, Titanium (O, N)
Titanium gauze300x300mm
Titanium gauze250x250mm
Titanium gauze125x125mm
Titanium Stock Solution
titaniummetalpowder,dry
smelloff-cuttertitanium
Titanium gauze150x150mm
titanium sponge powders
TitaniumFinePowder(Lab)
Titanium, sponge, 99.5%
TitaniuM wire,0.5MM dia.
TITANIUM ROD: 99.5%, 2N5
Titanium Granules 1-6 mm
Titanium Pellets 6 x 6 mm
Titanium10mg/LinH2O,100mL
TITANIUM FOIL: 99.7%, 2N7
Titanium, Powder 100 Mesh
TITANIUM WIRE: 99.7%, 2N7
Titanium powder, Hydrided
TITANIUM ICP/DCP STANDARD
TitaniuM wire,0.28MM dia.
TITANIUM FOIL: 99.6%, 2N5
TITANIUM WIRE: 99.99%, 4N
Titaniumcrystals(99.99+%)
TITANIUM WIRE: 99.97%, 3N7
TITANIUM AMMONIUM FLUORIDE
TITANIUM STANDARD SOLUTION
Titanium, pellets, 1/4x1/2
Titanium, pellets, 1/4x1/4
Titanium Rod 2 mm diameter
Titanium Rod 5 mm diameter
Titanium Rod 8 mm diameter
Titanium Slugs 5 x 10-12 mm
TITANIUM POWDER: 99.7%, 2N7
Titanium, Powder 1-3 Micron
TITANIUM SPONGE: 99.5%, 2N5
TITANIUM POWDER: 99.4%, 2N4
71232, Titanium (impurities)
38612, Titanium (impurities)
Titanium Rod 1.6 mm diameter
Titanium ISO 9001:2015 REACH
Titanium Wire/Φ0.05mm/ 99.6+%
Titanium Wire 0.5 mm diameter
Titanium Wire 0.8 mm diameter
Titanium Wire 1.0 mm diameter
Titanium Rod 30.0 mm diameter
Titanium Rod 15.0 mm diameter
Titanium Rod 10.0 mm diameter
Titanium, Sponge 0.8Cm & Down
TITANIUM: 99.98%, WIRE 0.5 MM
Titanium Wire/Φ0.10mm/ 99.6+%
Titanium Wire/Φ0.25mm/ 99.6+%
Titanium Wire/Φ0.50mm/ 99.6+%
TITANIUM FINE POWDER 98+ 250 G
Titanium(metal) crushed sponge
Titanium powder , sphere (Ti)
Titaniumsponge,crystals(99.8%)
Titanium(Metal)FinePowder(Lab)
TITANIUM: 99.6%, SPONGE, -12MM
TITANIUM , POWDER, -120 MICRON
TITANIUM CRYSTALS: 99.99%, 4N+
Titanium Wire 0.25 mm diameter
Titanium Wire 0.125 mm diameter
AMMONIUM HEXAFLUOROTITANATE(IV)
Tritanium Dimensionalized Metal
TITANIUM, AAS STANDARD SOLUTION
TITANIUM: 99.5%, GRANULES 3-5MM
Titanium, rod, 6.35 mm diameter
TITANIUM SINGLE ELEMENT STANDARD
TITANIUM: 99.8%, ROD, 6.4MM DIA.
TITANIUM PLASMA EMISSION STANDARD
TITANIUM METALLO-ORGANIC STANDARD
Titanium, rod, 6.4mm dia., 99.89%
TitaniuM slug,6MM dia×6MM length.
TITANIUM, ROD, 6.4MM DIA., 99.98%
DIAMMONIUM HEXAFLUOROTITANATE(IV)
TITANIUM, ROD, 3.2MM DIAM., 99.97%
Titanium,99.99+%,crystals, 5-10 mm
Titanium, powder, -100 mesh, 99.5%
TITANIUM ICP STD. 1000 MG/L 100 ML
Titanium, 99.5%, powder, -100 mesh
TITANIUM, PLASMA STANDARD SOLUTION
TITANIUM, CRYSTAL, 5-10MM, 99.99+%
TITANIUM, ROD, 6.35MM DIAM., 99.7%
TITANIUM, POWDER, -100 MESH, 99.7%
TITANIUM, SPONGE, 2 TO 12MM, 99.5%
TITANIUM, POWDER, -325 MESH, 99.98%
TITANIUM, WIRE, 0.25MM DIAM., 99.7%
TITANIUM, WIRE, 0.5MM DIAM., 99.99%
TITANIUM AA SINGLE ELEMENT STANDARD
TITANIUM ATOMIC ABSORPTION STANDARD
TITANIUM, WIRE, 0.81MM DIAM., 99.7%
TITANIUM, WIRE, 2.0MM DIAM., 99.99%
TITANIUM, FOIL, 0.1MM THICK, 99.99%
Titanium, 99.7%, powder, -100 mesh
TITANIUM, WIRE, 1.0MM DIAM., 99.99%
TITANIUM, FOIL, 0.5MM THICK, 99.99%
Titanium rod, 12.7mm (0.5 in.) dia.
Titanium, Sponge 0.8Cm & Down 99.5%
Titanium target/Φ50.8x6.3mm/99.99+%
Titanium target/Φ25.4x3.2mm/99.99+%
Titanium target/Φ25.4x6.3mm/99.99+%
Titanium target/Φ50.8x3.2mm/99.99+%
Titanium Foil/ 0.005x50x50mm/ 99.6+%
Titanium, crystals, 5-10 mm, 99.99+%
FLUOROCULT LMX MODIFIED BROTH 20X2ML
TitaniuM standard for water analysis
TITANIUM: 99.9%, POWDER, -150 MICRON
TITANIUM, FOIL, 0.05MM THICK, 99.99%
TITANIUM, WIRE, 0.25MM DIAM., 99.99%
TITANIUM, WIRE, 0.127MM DIAM., 99.99%
TITANIUM, OIL BASED STANDARD SOLUTION
Titaniumplate1,5mm;203,20mmx203,20mm;
TITANIUM SPONGE: 99.8%, CRYSTALS, 2N8
2-bromo-6-trifluoromethylpyriding,97%
Titanium Foil/ 0.010x100x100mm/ 99.6+%
Titanium Foil/ 0.025x100x100mm/ 99.6+%
Titanium Foil/ 0.050x100x100mm/ 99.6+%
Titanium Foil/ 0.100x100x100mm/ 99.6+%
Titanium rod, 3.175mm (0.125 in.) dia.
TITANIUM, FOIL, 0.127MM THICK, 99.99+%
TITANIUM SINGLE ELEMENT PLASMA STANDARD
TITANIUM STANDARD SOLUTION TRACEABLE TO
Titanium, 99.97%, Rod, 6.35 mm diameter
Titanium, rod, 6.35 mm diameter, 99.97%
Titaniumfoil,99,5%(metalsbasis),0,025mm,
Titanium foil, 0.127mm (0.005 in.) thick
TITANIUM, SPHERICAL POWDER, -100 MESH, &
"Titanium Powder 1-3 micron, under water"
TITANIUM AA/ICP CALIBRATION/CHECK STANDARD
Titanium wire, 1.0mm (0.04 in.) dia., Hard
TITANIUM ATOMIC ABSORPTION STANDARD SOLUTION
TITANIUM COATING QUALITY UMICORE, 0.2-1.5 MM
titaniumpowder,wettedwithnotlessthan25%water
Titanium sponge, 3 to 19mm (0.12 to 0.75 in.)
TITANIUM PLASMA EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY STANDARD
Titanium wire, 0.5mm (0.02 in.) dia., Annealed
Titanium foil, 2.0mm (0.08 in.) thick, Annealed
Titanium, foil, 2.0mm thick, 99.7% metals basis
[EINECS(EC#)]

241-036-9
[Molecular Formula]

Ti
[MDL Number]

MFCD00011264
[Molecular Weight]

47.87
[MOL File]

7440-32-6.mol
Chemical PropertiesBack Directory
[Definition]

Metallic element of atomic number 22, group IVB of the periodic table, aw 47.90, valences of 2, 3, 4; five isotopes
[Appearance]

Titanium is a silvery metal or dry, dark-gray amorphous, lustrous powder.
[Melting point ]

1660 °C (lit.)
[Boiling point ]

3287 °C (lit.)
[density ]

4.5 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
[Fp ]

0°C
[storage temp. ]

no restrictions.
[form ]

wire
[color ]

Silver-gray
[Specific Gravity]

4.5
[Stability:]

Stable. Dust is thought to be spontaneously flammable, and may form an explosive mixture with air. Flammable solid. Incompatible with mineral acids, halogens, carbon dioxide, strong oxidizing agents.
[Resistivity]

42.0 μΩ-cm, 20°C
[Water Solubility ]

Insoluble in water.
[Merck ]

13,9547
[Exposure limits]

ACGIH: TWA 2.5 mg/m3
NIOSH: IDLH 250 mg/m3
[InChIKey]

RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
[CAS DataBase Reference]

7440-32-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
[EPA Substance Registry System]

Titanium (7440-32-6)
Safety DataBack Directory
[Hazard Codes ]

F,Xi
[Risk Statements ]

R20/21/22:Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed .
R11:Highly Flammable.
R17:Spontaneously flammable in air.
R36/38:Irritating to eyes and skin .
[Safety Statements ]

S16:Keep away from sources of ignition-No smoking .
S36/37/39:Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection .
S33:Take precautionary measures against static discharges .
S27:Take off immediately all contaminated clothing .
S26:In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice .
S6:Keep under ... (inert gas to be specified by the manufacturer) .
[RIDADR ]

UN 2878 4.1/PG 3
[WGK Germany ]

3
[RTECS ]

XR1700000
[F ]

10
[Autoignition Temperature]

860 °F
[TSCA ]

Yes
[HazardClass ]

4.2
[PackingGroup ]

III
[HS Code ]

81089020
[Safety Profile]

Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. Experimental reproductive effects. The dust may ignite spontaneously in air. Flammable when exposed to heat or flame or by chemical reaction. Titanium can burn in an atmosphere of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, or air. Also reacts violently with BrF3, CuO, PbOx (Ni + KClO3), metaloxy salts, halocarbons, halogens, CO2, metal carbonates, Al, water, AgF, O2 , nitryl fluoride, HNO3,O2, KClO3, KNO3 , KMnO4, steam @ 704°, trichloroethylene, trichlorotrifluoroethane. Ordinary extinguishers are often ineffective against titanium fires. Such fires require special extinguishers designed for metal fires. In airtight enclosures, titanium fires can be controlled by the use of argon or helium. Titanium, in the absence of moisture, burns slowly, but evolves much heat. The application of water to burning titanium can cause an explosion. Finely dwided titanium dust and powders, like most metal powders, are potential explosion hazards when exposed to sparks, open flame, or high-heat sources. See also TITANIUM COMPOUNDS, POWDERED METALS, and MAGNESIUM.
[Hazardous Substances Data]

7440-32-6(Hazardous Substances Data)
Raw materials And Preparation ProductsBack Directory
[Raw materials]

Aluminum chloride-->Ferric chloride-->Tetrachlorosilane-->Ferrous chloride-->Rutile-->(S)-tert-Butyl 6-amino-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)hexanoate hydrochloride-->Petroleum coke-->Manganese chloride-->Dust settling pocket-->TITANIUM SPONGE 40-60 MESH-->VANADIUM(V) TRICHLORIDE OXIDE
[Preparation Products]

Ethylenediamine-->Titanium dioxide-->Trichloroacetic acid-->Rutile-->polypyrrole-polyvinyl chloride composite film-->ILMENITE-->N-Morpholinothio Phthaldamide-->Titanium tetraisopropanolate-->6-ACETOXY-2-NAPHTHOIC ACID
Hazard InformationBack Directory
[General Description]

TITANIUM POWDER, DRY(7440-32-6) is a gray lustrous powder. TITANIUM POWDER, DRY(7440-32-6) can be easily ignited and burns with an intense flame. The very finely powdered material may be ignited by sparks.
[Reactivity Profile]

TITANIUM reacts violently with cupric oxide and lead oxide when heated. When titanium is heated with potassium chlorate, potassium nitrate, or potassium permanganate, an explosion occurs [Mellor 7:20. 1946-47]. The residue from the reaction of titanium with red fuming nitric acid exploded violently when the flask was touched [Allison 1969]. Liquid oxygen gives a detonable mixture when combined with powdered titanium, [Kirchenbaum 1956].
[Air & Water Reactions]

Highly flammable. Pyrophoric in dust form [Bretherick 1979, p. 104]. Titanium is water-reactive at 700C, releasing hydrogen, which may cause an explosion [Subref: Mellor, 1941, vol. 7, 19].
[Health Hazard]

Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Inhalation of decomposition products may cause severe injury or death. Contact with substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.
[Potential Exposure]

Titanium metal, because of its low weight, high strength, and heat resistance, is used in the aerospace and aircraft industry as tubing, fittings, fire walls; cowlings, skin sections; jet compressors; and it is also used in surgical appliances. It is used, too, as controlwire casings in nuclear reactors, as a protective coating for mixers in the pulp-paper industry and in other situations in which protection against chlorides or acids is required; in vacuum lamp bulbs and X-ray tubes; as an addition to carbon and tungsten in electrodes and lamp filaments; and to the powder in the pyrotechnics industry. It forms alloys with iron, aluminum, tin, and vanadium, of which ferrotitanium is especially important in the steel industry. Other titanium compounds are utilized in smoke screens, as mordants in dyeing; in the manufacture of cemented metal carbides; as thermal insulators; and in heat resistant surface coatings in paints and plastics.
[Fire Hazard]

Flammable/combustible material. May ignite on contact with moist air or moisture. May burn rapidly with flare-burning effect. Some react vigorously or explosively on contact with water. Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire. May re-ignite after fire is extinguished. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated.
[First aid]

If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any contact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts the skin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediately with soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure, begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR if heart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medical facility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention. Give large quantities of water and induce vomiting. Do not make an unconscious person vomit.
[Shipping]

UN2546 Titanium powder, dry, Hazard Class: 4.2; Labels: 4.2-Spontaneously combustible material.
[Incompatibilities]

Powder and dust may ignite spontaneously in air. Violent reactions occur on contact with water, steam, halocarbons, halogens, and aluminum. The dry powder is a strong reducing agent; Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause firesor explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides.
[Description]

Titanium was discovered by the Reverend William Gregor in 1791, and is named after the ‘Titans’ of Greek mythology. The metal was not isolated in a pure state until 1910, and useful quantities were not available for industrial applications until 1946, when an economical purification process was developed.
[Chemical Properties]

Titanium is a silvery metal or dry, dark-gray amorphous, lustrous powder.
[Isotopes]

There are 23 known isotopes of titanium. All but five are radioactive, rangingfrom Ti-38 to Ti-61, and have half-lives varying from a few nanoseconds to a few hours.The percentages of the five stable isotopes found in nature are as follows: 46Ti = 8.25%,47Ti = 7.44%, 48Ti = 73.72%, 49Ti = 5.41%, and 50Ti = 5.18%.
[Origin of Name]

It was named after “Titans,” meaning the first sons of the Earth as stated in Greek mythology.
[Occurrence]

Titanium is the ninth most abundant element found in the Earth’s crust, but not in pureform. It is found in two minerals: rutile, which is titanium dioxide (TiO2), and ilmenite(FeTiO3). It is also found in some iron ores and in the slag resulting from the productionof iron. The mineral rutile is the major source of titanium production in the United States.Although titanium is widely spread over the crust of the Earth, high concentrations of itsminerals are scarce. In the past it was separated from it ores by an expensive process ofchemical reduction that actually limited the amount of metal produced. A two-step processinvolves heating rutile with carbon and chlorine to produce titanium tetrachloride—TiO2+ C + 2Cl2 ?→ TiCl4 + CO2—which is followed by heating the titanium tetrachloridewith magnesium in an inert atmosphere: TiCl4 + 2Mg ?→ Ti + 2 MgCl2. As recently as theyear 2000, a method of electrolysis was developed using titanium tetrachloride in a bath ofrare-earth salts. This process can be used on a commercial scale that makes the productionof titanium much less expensive. Titanium was, and still is, a difficult element to extractfrom its ore.Titanium is found throughout the universe and in the stars, the sun, the moon, and themeteorites that land on Earth.
[Characteristics]

As the first element in group 4, titanium has characteristics similar to those of the othermembers of this group: Zr, Hf, and Rf. Titanium is a shiny, gray, malleable, and ductile metalcapable of being worked into various forms and drawn into wires.
[History]

In 1791 Reverend William Gregor (1761–1817), an amateur mineralogist, discoveredan odd black sandy substance in his neighborhood. Because it was somewhat magnetic, hecalculated that it was almost 50% magnetite (a form of iron ore). Most of the remainder ofthe sample was a reddish-brown powder he dissolved in acid to produce a yellow substance.Thinking he had discovered a new mineral, he named it “menachanite,” after the Menachanregion in Cornwall where he lived. During this period, Franz Joseph Muller (1740–1825) alsoproduced a similar substance that he could not identify. In 1793 Martin Heinrich Klaproth(1743–1817), who discovered several new elements and is considered the father of modernanalytical chemistry, identified the substance that Gregor called a mineral as a new element.Klaproth named it “titanium,” which means “Earth” in Latin.
[Uses]

As alloy with copper and iron in titanium bronze; as addition to steel to impart great tensile strength; to aluminum to impart resistance to attack by salt solutions and by organic acids; to remove traces of oxygen and nitrogen from incandescent lamps. Surgical aid (fracture fixation).
[Uses]

Given titanium’s lightness, strength, and resistance to corrosion and high temperatures, itsmost common use is in alloys with other metals for constructing aircraft, jet engines, and missiles. Its alloys also make excellent armor plates for tanks and warships. It is the major metalused for constructing the stealth aircraft that are difficult to detect by radar.Titanium’s noncorrosive and lightweight properties make it useful in the manufacture oflaboratory and medical equipment that will withstand acid and halogen salt corrosion. Thesesame properties make it an excellent metal for surgical pins and screws in the repair of brokenbones and joints.It has many other uses as an abrasive, as an ingredient of cements, and as a paint pigmentin the oxide form and in the paper and ink industries, in batteries for space vehicles, andwherever a metal is needed to resist chlorine (seawater) corrosion.
[Uses]

Titanium is added to steel and aluminumto enhance their tensile strength and acidresistance. It is alloyed with copper and ironin titanium bronze.
[Production Methods]

Titanium is the ninth most abundant element and accounts for about 0.63% of the Earth’s crust. Analyses of rock samples from the moon indicate that titanium is far more abundant there; some lunar rocks consist of 12% titanium by weight. World production of titanium sponge metal was estimated at 69,000 metric tons in 1991. The most important titaniumbearing minerals are ilmenite, rutile, and leucoxene. Ilmenite (FeTiO3) is found in beach sands (Australia, India, and Florida) and in rock deposits associated with iron (Norway and Finland). Ilmenite accounts for about 91%of the world’s consumption of titanium minerals and world resources of anatase, ilmenite, and rutile total more than 2 billion tons. Rutile (a form ofTiO2) is less abundant; its chief source is certain Australian beach sands. Two other less prominent forms of TiO2 exist, anatase and brookite. The ores vary around the world in TiO2 content from 39% to 96%. Anatase is used as a food color.
[Hazard]

Almost all of titanium’s compounds, as well as the pure metal when in powder form, areextremely flammable and explosive. Titanium metal will ignite in air at 1200°C and willburn in an atmosphere of nitrogen. Titanium fires cannot be extinguished by using water orcarbon dioxide extinguishers. Sand, dirt, or special foams must be used to extinguish burningtitanium.
[Flammability and Explosibility]

Nonflammable
[Environmental Fate]

Titanium is poorly absorbed by plants and animals and is retained to only a certain extent. High levels of titanium in food products can be detects, however, when soil is contaminated by fly-ash fallout or titanium-containing sewage residues and when titanium dioxide is used as a food whitener. Food, which is considered to be the most important source of exposure to titanium, contributes >99% of the daily intake of the element. There are no relevant tolerable intakes for titanium against which to compare estimated dietary intake. Typical diets may contain approximately 0.3–0.5 mg titanium.
Titanium content of soil generally ranges from 0.3 to 6%, high levels of which are found in the vicinity of power plants because of combustion of coal.
Titanium concentrations in the atmosphere are comparatively low. Annual average concentrations in urban air are mostly <0.1 mgm-3 and they are lower still in rural air. Air concentrations up to 0.5 mgm-3 have been reported in urban and industrialized areas.
[Toxicity evaluation]

Many data indicate that titanium is absorbed poorly from the gastrointestinal tract in human beings. It is likely that transferrin may act as a specific carrier of titanium ions and may play a central role during the transport and biodistribution of soluble titanium species throughout the organism. Titanium concentrations found generally in urine suggest an absorption of <5%, assuming a daily intake of at least 300 mg.
Material Safety Data Sheet(MSDS)Back Directory
[msds information]

titanium(7440-32-6).msds
Questions And AnswerBack Directory
[History, Occurrence and Uses]

Titanium was discovered in 1790 by English chemist William Gregor. Five years later in 1795, Klaproth confirmed Gregor’s findings from his independent investigation and named the element titanium after the Latin name Titans, the mythical first sons of the Earth. The metal was prepared in impure form first by Nilson and Pettersson in 1887. Hunter, in 1910, prepared the metal in pure form by reducing titanium tetrachloride with sodium.
Titanium
Titanium occurs in nature in the minerals rutile( TiO2), ilmenite (FeTiO3), geikielite, (MgTiO3) perovskite (CaTiO3) and titanite or sphene (CaTiSiO4(O,OH,F)). It also is found in many iron ores. Abundance of titanium in the earth’s crust is 0.565%. Titanium has been detected in moon rocks and meteorites. Titanium oxide has been detected in the spectra of M-type stars and interstellar space.
Titanium is found in plants, animals, eggs, and milk.
Many titanium alloys have wide industrial applications. Titanium forms alloys with a number of metals including iron, aluminum, manganese, and molybdenum. Its alloys are of high tensile strength, lightweight, and can withstand extreme temperatures. They are used in aircraft and missiles. The metal also has high resistance to sea water corrosion and is used to protect parts of the ships exposed to salt water. Also, titanium is used to combine with and remove traces of oxygen and nitrogen from incandescent lamps. Titanium compounds, notably the dioxide and the tetrachloride, have many uses (See Titanium Dioxide and Titanium Tetrachloride.)
[Physical Properties]

White lustrous metal; ductile when free of oxygen; low density high strength metal.
Titanium has two allotropic modifications: (1) alpha form and (2) beta modification. The alpha form has a close-packed hexagonal crystal structure; density 4.54 g/cm3 at 20°C and stable up to 882°C. It converts very slowly to a body-centered cubic beta form at 882°C. The density of the beta form is 4.40 g/cm3 at 900°C (estimated). The other physical properties are as follows: The metal melts at 1,610 ±10°C; vaporizes at 3,287°C; electrical resitivity 42 microhm-cm; modulus of elasticity 15.5x106 psi at 25°C; tensile strength, ultimate 34,000 psi (at 25°C); tensile strength yield 20,000 psi (at 25°C); Vickers hardness 80-100; surface tension at the melting point 1427dynes/cm3; superconductivity below 1.73°K; thermal neutron absorption cross section 5.8 barns; insoluble in water; soluble in dilute acids.
[Production]

The production of titanium always encounters difficulties because of a tendency to react with oxygen, nitrogen and moisture at elevated temperatures. Most high purity elemental titanium can be produced by the Kroll process from titanium tetrachloride. The tetrachloride is reduced with magnesium in a mild steel vessel at about 800°C under an inert atmosphere of helium or argon. The net reaction is as follows:
TiCl4 + 2Mg → Ti + 2 MgCl2
The reaction is highly exothermic providing heat needed to maintain high temperature required for reaction. The Kroll process is applied commercially to produce elemental titanium.
Sodium metal can be used instead of magnesium in thermally reducing titanium tetrachloride.
Titanium metal also can be produced by electrolytic methods. In electrolysis, fused mixtures of titanium tetrachloride or lower chlorides with alkaline earth metal chlorides are electrolyzed to produce metal. Also, pure titanium can be prepared from electrolysis of titanium dioxide in a fused bath of calcium-, magnesiumor alkali metal fluorides. Other alkali or alkaline metal salts can be substituted for halides in these fused baths. Other titanium compouds that have been employed successfully in electrolytic titanium production include sodium fluotitanate and potassium fluotitanate.
Very highly pure titanium metal can be prepared in small amounts by decomposition of pure titanium tetraiodide, (TiI4) vapor on a hot wire under low pressure (Van Arkel–de Boer method).
[Reactions]

Titanium metal is very highly resistant to corrosion. It is unaffected by atmospheric air, moisture and sea water, allowing many of its industrial applications. The metal burns in air at about 1,200°C incandescently forming titanium dioxide TiO2. The metal also burns on contact with liquid oxygen. Titanium forms four oxides, all of which have been well described. It forms a weakly basic monoxide, TiO; a basic dititanium trioxide, Ti2O3; the amphoteric dioxide, TiO2; and the acidic trioxide, TiO3.
Titanium combines with nitrogen at about 800°C forming the nitride and producing heat and light. It is one of the few elements that burns in nitrogen. Titanium reacts with all halogens at high temperatures. It reacts with fluorine at 150°C forming titanium tetrafluoride, TiF4. Reaction with chlorine occurs at 300°C giving tetrachloride TiCl4. Bromine and iodine combine with the metal at 360°C forming their tetrahalides.
Water does not react with Ti metal at ambient temperatures, but tianium reacts with steam at 700°C forming the oxide and hydrogen:
Ti + 2H2O → TiO2 + 2H2
Titanium is soluble in hot concentrated sulfuric acid, forming sulfate. It also reacts with hydrofluoric acid forming the fluoride.
Nitric acid at ordinary temperatures does not react with Ti metal, but hot concentrated nitric acid oxidizes titanium to titanium dioxide.
The metal is stable with alkalies.
Titanium combines with several metals, such as, iron, copper, aluminum, chromium, cobalt, nickel, lead and tin at elevated temperatures forming alloys.
Well-known Reagent Company Product InformationBack Directory
[Acros Organics]

Titanium, powder,-100 mesh, 99.5%(7440-32-6)
[Alfa Aesar]

Titanium wire, 2.0mm (0.08in) dia, 99.99% (metals basis)(7440-32-6)
[Sigma Aldrich]

7440-32-6(sigmaaldrich)
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