| Identification | More | [Name]
Potassium iodide | [CAS]
7681-11-0 | [Synonyms]
GRAM STAIN
HANUS IODINE SOLUTION
I2
IODIDE
IODIDE IC STANDARD
IODIDE, ION CHROMATOGRAPHY STANDARD SOLUTION
IODINE
IODINE, ELEMENTAL
IODINE-IODINE
IODINE, IODOPHOR
IODINE SOLUTION
IODINE SOLUTION, GRAM
IODINE STANDARD
IODINE, SUBLIMED
IODINE TINCTURE
IODINE TINCTURE STRONG
IODINE, TOPICAL SOLUTION
IODINE VOLUMETRIC SOLUTION
IODINE VOLUMETRIC STANDARD
IODOPHOR I-2000S | [EINECS(EC#)]
231-442-4 | [Molecular Formula]
IK | [MDL Number]
MFCD00011355 | [Molecular Weight]
166 | [MOL File]
7681-11-0.mol |
| Chemical Properties | Back Directory | [Definition]
A compound that contains pentavalent iodine, which
is usually ionically bound to electropositive atoms. | [Appearance]
White crystals, granules, or powder;
strong, bitter, saline taste. Soluble in water, alcohol, acetone, and glyc-
erol.
| [Melting point ]
681 °C (lit.) | [Boiling point ]
184 °C(lit.)
| [density ]
1.32 g/mL at 25 °C
| [vapor density ]
9 (vs air)
| [vapor pressure ]
0.31 mm Hg ( 25 °C)
| [refractive index ]
1.677 | [Fp ]
1330°C | [storage temp. ]
Store at RT. | [solubility ]
H2O: 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
| [form ]
particles (round)
| [pka]
0.06[at 20 ℃] | [color ]
Yellow | [Specific Gravity]
3.13 | [Odor]
odorless | [PH]
6.0-9.0 (25℃, 1M in H2O) | [Stability:]
Stable. Protect from light and moisture. Incompatible with strong reducing agents, strong acids, steel, aluminium, alkali metals, brass, magnesium, zinc, cadmium, copper, tin, nickel and their alloys. | [Water Solubility ]
1.43 kg/L | [Sensitive ]
Hygroscopic | [Merck ]
14,7643 | [Dielectric constant]
5.1200000000000001 | [Exposure limits]
ACGIH: TWA 0.01 ppm | [BCS Class]
1 | [InChIKey]
NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M | [LogP]
-0.958 at 25℃ | [Uses]
Potassium iodide is a white crystal, granule or powder made by
the reaction of iodine with hot potassium hydroxide solution
followed by crystallization. It is very soluble in water, alcohol,
and acetone. Potassium iodide was first used as the primary
halide in Talbot’s calotype process, then in the albumen on
glass process followed by the wet collodion process. It was also
used as a secondary halide in silver bromide gelatin emulsions. | [CAS DataBase Reference]
7681-11-0(CAS DataBase Reference) | [NIST Chemistry Reference]
Potassium iodide(7681-11-0) | [EPA Substance Registry System]
7681-11-0(EPA Substance) |
| Safety Data | Back Directory | [Hazard Codes ]
Xn | [Risk Statements ]
R36/37/38:Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin .
R36/37:Irritating to eyes and respiratory system .
R20/21/22:Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed .
R19:May form explosive peroxides.
R11:Highly Flammable.
R43:May cause sensitization by skin contact.
R34:Causes burns.
R20/21:Harmful by inhalation and in contact with skin .
R42/43:May cause sensitization by inhalation and skin contact .
R36/38:Irritating to eyes and skin .
R61:May cause harm to the unborn child. | [Safety Statements ]
S26:In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice .
S24/25:Avoid contact with skin and eyes .
S36:Wear suitable protective clothing .
S45:In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show label where possible) .
S36/37/39:Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection .
S53:Avoid exposure-obtain special instruction before use .
S36/37:Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves .
S22:Do not breathe dust . | [RIDADR ]
UN 2056 3/PG 2
| [WGK Germany ]
1 | [RTECS ]
TT2975000 | [F ]
10 | [TSCA ]
Yes | [HazardClass ]
8 | [PackingGroup ]
II | [HS Code ]
28276000 | [Safety Profile]
Poison by intravenous
route. Moderately toxic by ingestion and
intraperitoneal routes. Human teratogenic
effects by ingestion: developmental
abnormalities of the endocrine system.
Experimental teratogenic and reproductive
effects. Mutation data reported. Explosive
reaction with charcoal + ozone,
trifluoroacetyl hypofluorite, fluorine
perchlorate. Violent reaction or ignition on
contact with dazonium salts, diisopropyl
peroxydicarbonate, bromine pentafluoride,
chlorine trifluoride. Incompatible with
oxidants, BrF3, FClO, metaltic salts, calomel.
When heated to decomposition it emits very
toxic fumes of K2O and I-. See also
IODIDES. | [Hazardous Substances Data]
7681-11-0(Hazardous Substances Data) | [Toxicity]
Approx LD i.v. in rats: 285 mg/kg (Hildebrandt) |
| Hazard Information | Back Directory | [General Description]
Odorless white solid. Sinks and mixes with water. | [Reactivity Profile]
Bromine trifluoride rapidly attacks the following salts: barium chloride, cadmium chloride, calcium chloride, cesium chloride, lithium chloride, silver chloride, rubidium chloride, potassium bromide, potassium chloride, POTASSIUM IODIDE(7681-11-0), rhodium tetrabromide, sodium bromide, sodium chloride, and sodium iodide [Mellor 2, Supp. 1:164, 165. 1956]. | [Air & Water Reactions]
Water soluble. | [Health Hazard]
May irritate eyes or open cuts. | [Chemical Properties]
Potassium iodide is a white crystals, granules, or powder; strong, bitter, saline taste. becomes yellowish when exposed to bright light due to photochemical decomposition liberating traces of free iodine. Soluble in water, alcohol, acetone, and glycerol. slightly soluble in ether and ammonia. It may be prepared bythe reaction of iodine with hot potassiumhydroxide solution followed by separation from the iodate (which isalso formed) by fractional crystallization. In solution it has the interestingproperty of dissolving iodine to formthe triiodide ion I3-, which is brown. Potassium iodide is widely used as ananalytical reagent, in photography,and also as an additive to table salt toprevent goitre and other disordersdue to iodine deficiency.
 | [Occurrence]
Potassium iodide is found in seaweed. Some important applications of this compound involve its use in pharmaceuticals and as a source of iodine in food,especially in animal and poultry feed. Potassium iodide is added to table salt to provide iodine in human food.
Another major use is in making photographic emulsions. In analytical chemistry, potassium iodide is used in iodometric titration with starch indicator to analyze dissolved oxygen, dissolved chlorine, sulfide, and other analytes in water. | [Application]
Potassium iodide was first used as the primary halide in Talbot’s calotype process, then in the albumen on glass process followed by the wet collodion process. It was also used as a secondary halide in silver bromide gelatin emulsions, animal feeds, catalysts, photographic chemicals, and for sanitation. Potassium iodide is produced by reaction of potassium hydroxide with iodine. The product is purified by crystallization from water. Potassium iodide is ionic compound which iodine ions and silver ions can form yellow precipitate silver iodide (when exposes to light, it can decompose, it can be used to make high-speed photographic film), silver nitrate can be used to verify the presence of iodine ions. | [Preparation]
Potassium iodide is made by absorption of iodine in potassium hydroxide:
I2 + 6KOH → 5KI + KIO3 + 3H2O
Most potassium iodate, KIO3 , is separated from the product mixture by crystallization and filtration. Remaining iodates are removed by evaporation of the solution and other processes, such as carbon reduction or thermal decompostion at 600oC to iodide:
2KIO3 → 2KI + 3O2
Another method of preparation that does not involve the formation of iodate is by treating iron turnings with iodine solution. The product, ferrosoferric iodide, Fe3I8?16H2O, is boiled with 15 wt% potassium carbonate solution:
Fe3I8.16H2O + 4K2CO3 → 8 KI + 4CO2 + Fe3O4 + 16H2O
A similar method is used to prepare potassium bromide, discussed earlier (see Potassium Bromide.)
Potassium iodide can be prepared by reacting hydriodic acid with potassium bicarbonate:
HI + KHCO3 → KI + CO2 + H2O
It is purified by melting in dry hydrogen.
Potassium iodide also may be obtained by various electrolytic processes. | [Brand name]
Iosat (Anbex); Thyro-Block (Medpointe); Thyrosafe
(R R Registrations); Thyroshield (Fleming). | [Flammability and Explosibility]
Nonflammable | [Pharmacokinetics]
Potassium Iodide is a metal halide composed of potassium and iodide with thyroid protecting and expectorant properties. Potassium iodide can block absorption of radioactive iodine by the thyroid gland through flooding the thyroid with non-radioactive iodine and preventing intake of radioactive molecules, thereby protecting the thyroid from cancer causing radiation. In addition, this agent acts as an expectorant by increasing secretion of respiratory fluids resulting in decreased mucus viscosity. | [Clinical Use]
Potassium iodide is used to treat the cutaneous lymphatic
form of sporotrichosis, although newer agents
are also effective in this disorder and may be better tolerated tolerated.
The drug is also used for erythema nodosum and
nodular vasculitis. | [Purification Methods]
Crystallise it from distilled water (0.5mL/g) by filtering the near-boiling solution and cooling. To minimise oxidation to iodine, the process can be carried out under N2 and the salt is dried under a vacuum over P2O5 at 70-100o. Before drying, the crystals can be washed with EtOH or with acetone followed by pet ether. It has also been recrystallised from water/ethanol. After 2 recrystallisations, ACS/USP grade had Li and Sb at <0.02 and <0.01 ppm respectively. [Lingane & Kolthoff Inorg Synth I 163 1939.] |
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