Methoxychlor Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
FARBLOSE BIS HELLGELBE KRISTALLE MIT CHARAKTERISTISCHEM GERUCH.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Zersetzung beim Erhitzen und Verbrennen unter Bildung giftiger und ätzender Gase mit Chlorwasserstoff, s. ICSC 0163. Reagiert mit Oxidationsmitteln. Greift einige Kunststoffe und Gummi an.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: 10 mg/m?(als TWA); Krebskategorie A4 (nicht klassifizierbar als krebserzeugend für den Menschen); (ACGIH 2005).
MAK: 15 mg/m? (Einatembare Fraktion) Spitzenbegrenzung: überschreitungsfaktor II(8); Schwangerschaft: Gruppe D; (DFG 2005).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation des Aerosols, über die Haut und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Verdampfung bei 20°C vernachlässigbar; eine gesundheitsschädliche Partikelkonzentration in der Luft kann jedoch beim Versprühen oder Dispergieren schnell erreicht werden, vor allem als Pulver.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
Beim Verschlucken großer Mengen sind Auswirkungen auf Leber, Nieren und Zentralnervensystem möglich. Tierversuche zeigen, dass die Substanz möglicherweise fruchtbarkeitsschädigend oder entwicklungsschädigend wirken kann.
LECKAGE
Verschüttetes Material in abdichtbaren Behältern sammeln; falls erforderlich durch Anfeuchten Staubentwicklung verhindern. Reste sorgfältig sammeln. An sicheren Ort bringen. NICHT in die Umwelt gelangen lassen. Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzgerät, P2-Filter für schädliche Partikel.
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R20/21/22:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Einatmen,Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
R40:Verdacht auf krebserzeugende Wirkung.
R39/23/24/25:Giftig: ernste Gefahr irreversiblen Schadens durch Einatmen, Berührung mit der Haut und durch Verschlucken.
R23/24/25:Giftig beim Einatmen, Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
R11:Leichtentzündlich.
R67:Dämpfe können Schläfrigkeit und Benommenheit verursachen.
R65:Gesundheitsschädlich: kann beim Verschlucken Lungenschäden verursachen.
R50/53:Sehr giftig für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gewässern längerfristig schädliche Wirkungen haben.
R38:Reizt die Haut.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S7:Behälter dicht geschlossen halten.
S23:Gas/Rauch/Dampf/Aerosol nicht einatmen(geeignete Bezeichnung(en) vom Hersteller anzugeben).
S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S16:Von Zündquellen fernhalten - Nicht rauchen.
S62:Bei Verschlucken kein Erbrechen herbeiführen. Sofort ärztlichen Rat einholen und Verpackung oder dieses Etikett vorzeigen.
S61:Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden. Besondere Anweisungen einholen/Sicherheitsdatenblatt zu Rate ziehen.
S60:Dieses Produkt und sein Behälter sind als gefährlicher Abfall zu entsorgen.
Beschreibung
Methoxychlor is a structural analogue of DDT but is not
as persistent in the environment as DDT.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Methoxychlor is a colourless or pale yellow, crystalline synthetic organochlorine insecticide with mild fruity odour. It is available in the form of powder or crystals. Methoxychlor is moderately soluble in water and is soluble in a variety of organic solvents.
Physikalische Eigenschaften
White to gray, or pale yellowish-orange crystals or powder. Nonflammable but may be combustible
if dissolved in a flammable organic solvent or petroleum distillate for application. Pungent to
mild, fruity odor. Odor threshold concentration in water is 4.7 mg/kg (quoted, Keith and Walters,
1992).
Verwenden
Methoxychlor is effective against flies, mosquitos, cockroaches,
and a wide variety of other insects. This insecticide is used on
agricultural crops and livestock, and in animal feed, barns, and
grain storage bins. Some pesticide products that contain
methoxychlor are used for controlling insects in gardens or on pets.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
METHOXYCHLOR is a white crystalline solid which is often dissolved in a liquid carrier such as diesel oil. METHOXYCHLOR can cause illness by inhalation, skin absorption and/or ingestion. The primary hazard is the threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. If dissolved in a liquid carrier, METHOXYCHLOR can easily penetrate the soil and contaminate groundwater and nearby streams. METHOXYCHLOR is used as a pesticide.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Insoluble in water.
Reaktivität anzeigen
METHOXYCHLOR turns pink or tan on exposure to light. METHOXYCHLOR is incompatible with alkaline materials, especially in the presence of catalytically-active metals. METHOXYCHLOR is slightly corrosive to iron and aluminum. METHOXYCHLOR is decomposed by refluxing with sodium in isopropyl alcohol. METHOXYCHLOR is also incompatible with strong oxidizers. METHOXYCHLOR will attack some forms of plastics, rubber and coatings. .
Hazard
Toxic material. Liver damage and central
nervous system impairment. Questionable carcinogen.
Health Hazard
Low toxicity; acute and chronic effects aremuch less serious than those of the structurally similar DDT; skin absorption low;may cause kidney damage on chronic exposure; oral LD50 value (rats): 6000 mg/kg(ACGIH 1986); no evidence of carcinogenicity to animals or humans; exposure limit:TLV-TWA 10 mg/m
3 (ACGIH, MSHA, andOSHA); RCRA Waste Number U247
Methoxychlor is a reproductive toxicant.Exposure of young adult male rats to methoxychlor reduced their serum testosterone levels (Murono et al. 2006). It metabolized in theliver into 2,2-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane and both methoxychlor and itsmetabolite were found to exhibit weak estrogenic and antiandrogenic activities. Flynnet al. (2005) have reported that long-termexposure to methoxychlor in diet altered thesexually dimorphic behavior in young ratsof both sexes. The study indicated that consumption of sodium solution increased in ratsfrom such exposure. The toxicity of methoxychlor, particularly in the central nervous system, may be attributed to its inhibition of brainmitochondrial respiration which probably iscaused by an increased production of reactiveoxygen species (Schuh et al. 2005).
Brandgefahr
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Irritating and toxic hydrogen chloride gas may be formed in fire.
Landwirtschaftliche Anwendung
Insecticide: Not approved for use in EU countries
. Not registered for use in the U.S. There are 33 global suppliers
.
The U.S. EPA lists 826 active and/or canceled products
containing methoxychlor. Methoxychlor was introduced
as an insecticide in 1945. It is a close relative of DDT
and has been increasing in use since the ban on DDT in
1972 because of its very low mammalian toxicity for home
and garden, on domestic animals for fly control, for elm
bark-beetle vectors of Dutch elm disease, and for blackfly larvae in streams. Methoxychlor is registered for about
87 crops such as alfalfa; nearly all fruits and vegetables,
corn, wheat, rice, and other grains; beef and dairy cattle;
and swine, goats and sheep, and for agricultural premises
and outdoor fogging. It is available in wettable and dust
powders, emulsifiable concentrates, granules, and as an
aerosol. It is combined in formulations with malathion,
parathion, piperonyl butoxide, and pyrethrins.
Handelsname
CHEMFORM®; HIGALMETOX®;
MARLATE®; METOX®; MOXIE®; PRENTOX®
Sicherheitsprofil
Suspected carcinogen
with experimental carcinogenic,
tumorigenic, and teratogenic data.
Moderately toxic by intraperitoneal and
skin contact routes. Human systemic
effects by skin contact: somnolence.
Experimental reproductive effects. Mutation
data reported. When heated to
decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of
Cl-. See also DDT and
CHLOROPHENOLS.
Carcinogenicity
Female mice fed up to 2000mg/kg and
males given 3500 mg/kg in the diet for 78
weeks showed no statistically significant
increase in the incidence of benign and malignant
tumors that could be attributed to
methoxychlor.10 Chronic feeding studies in
rats, at 850 and 1400mg/kg for males and
females, respectively, also showed no significant
carcinogenic responses, although high
tumor rates in controls may have masked
detection.10 Based on NCI results and several
earlier animal studies, the IARC has determined
that there is insufficient evidence that
methoxychlor is carcinogenic in experimental
animals and that it is not classifiable as to its
carcinogenicity to humans.
Stoffwechselwegen
Upon UV irradiation with methyl oleate, methoxychlor
is extensively added to the carbon ? carbon double
bond of methyl oleate via radical mechanisms.
Besides chlorinated stearic acids, several addition
products are formed, offering new possibilities to
produce bound residues in plants. The incubation of
methoxychlor with liver microsomes from untreated
and phenobarbital-treated rats and donors, in the
presence of NADPH, yields three phenolic
metabolites: monodemethylated and didemethylated
methoxychlor and its hydroxylated (trihydroxy)
methoxychlor. The metabolic route of methoxychlor by
monooxygenases involves sequential demethylations
to the dihydroxy derivative and a subsequent ring
hydroxylation.
läuterung methode
Free the insecticide from 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane by crystallising from EtOH. It is dimorphic and also crystallises from Et2O/EtOH (m 92o). [Fritsch & Feldmann Justus Liebigs Ann Chem 306 77 1899, Smith et al. Aust J Chem 29 743 1976, Beilstein 6 H 1007.]
Methoxychlor Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
