Benzaldehyd Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
FARBLOSE BIS GELBE FLüSSIGKEIT MIT CHARAKTERISTISCHEM GERUCH.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Bildung explosionsfähiger Peroxide unter bestimmten Bedingungen. Reagiert heftig mit Aluminium, Basen, Eisen, Oxidationsmitteln und Phenol unter Feuer- und Explosionsgefahr.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV nicht festgelegt (ACGIH 2005).
MAK: IIb (nicht festgelegt, aber Informationen vorhanden)
(DFG 2006).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation der Dämpfe, über die Haut und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Nur ungenügende Angaben vorhanden über die Geschwindigkeit, mit der eine gesundheitsschädliche Konzentration in der Luft beim Verdampfen bei 20°C erreicht wird.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Substanz reizt die Augen.
LECKAGE
Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzfilter für organische Gase und Dämpfe. Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit in abdichtbaren Behältern sammeln. Reste mit Sand oder inertem Absorptionsmittel aufnehmen und an einen sicheren Ort bringen. NICHT in die Umwelt gelangen lassen.
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R22:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Verschlucken.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S24:Berührung mit der Haut vermeiden.
Aussehen Eigenschaften
C7H6O; Bittermandelöl. Farblose bis leicht gelbliche Flüssigkeit, die nach Bittermandeln riecht.
Gefahren für Mensch und Umwelt
Gesundheitsschädlich beim Verschlucken.
Reizt die Haut, Augen und Atemwege. Führt zu Narkose.
Nicht stark erhitzen.
Nicht mit Alkalien, Alkalimatallen, Aluminium, Eisen, Perameisensäure, Phenolen, Luft, Sauerstoff oder Oxidationsmitteln in Berührung bringen.
LD
50 (oral, Ratte): 1300 mg/kg
Schutzmaßnahmen und Verhaltensregeln
Geeignete Schutzhandschuhe als kurzzeitiger Spritzschutz.
Verhalten im Gefahrfall
Dämpfe nicht einatmen.
Mit flüssigkeitsbindendem Material, z.B. Rench Rapid aufnehmen. Der Entsorgung zuführen. Nachreinigen.
Pulver, Schaum.
Brennbar. Mit Luft Bildung explosionsfähiger Gemische möglich. Im Brandfall können gefährlich Dämpfe entstehen.
Erste Hilfe
Nach Hautkontakt: Mit reichlich Wasser abwaschen.
Nach Augenkontakt: Mit reichlich Wasser bei geöffnetem Lidspalt mindestens 10 Minuten ausspülen. Augenarzt hinzuziehen.
Nach Einatmen: Frischluft. Arzt hinzuziehen.
Nach Verschlucken: Reichlich Wasser trinken. Erbrechen auslösen. Arzt hinzuziehen.
Nach Kleidungskontakt: Kontaminierte Kleidung entfernen.
Ersthelfer: siehe gesonderten Anschlag
Sachgerechte Entsorgung
Als halogenfreie, organische Lösemittelabfälle.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Benzaldehyde is a colorless to yellow, oily liquid with an odor of bitter almonds. Benzaldehyde is commercially available in two grades: (i) pure benzaldehyde and (ii) and double-distilled benzaldehyde. The latter has applications in the pharmaceutical, perfume, and fl avor industries. Benzaldehyde may contain trace amounts of chlorine, water, benzoic acid, benzyl chloride, benzyl alcohol, and/or nitrobenzene. Benzaldehyde is ignited relatively easily on contact with hot surfaces. This has been attributed to the property of very low auto-ignition temperature. Benzaldehyde also undergoes autoxidation in air and is liable to self-heat. It is used as a food flavoring and in the manufacture of dyes and antibiotics, and can be readily manufactured by the chlorination of methylbenzene and the subsequent hydrolysis of (dichloromethyl) benzene: C6H5CH3 + Cl2 →C6H5CHCl2C6H5CHCl2 + 2H2O →C6H5CH(OH)2+ 2HCl C6H5CH(OH)2 →C6H5CHO + H2O.
Occurrence
Benzaldehyde exists in nature, occurring in combined and uncombined forms in many plants. It is also the main constituent of the essential oils obtained by pressing the kernels of peaches, cherries, apricots, and other fruits. Benzaldehyde is released into the environment in emissions from combustion processes, such as gasoline and diesel engines, incinerators, and wood burning. It is formed in the atmosphere through photochemical oxidation of toluene and other aromatic hydrocarbons.
Verwenden
Benzaldehyde is a flavoring agent which is liquid and colorless, and
has an almond-like odor. it has a hot (burning) taste. it is oxidized
to benzoic acid when exposed to air and deteriorates under light.
it is miscible in volatile oils, fixed oils, ether, and alcohol; it is spar-
ingly soluble in water. it is obtained by chemical synthesis and by
natural occurrence in oils of bitter almond, peach, and apricot
kernel. it is also termed benzoic aldehyde.
synthetische
Benzaldehyde is prepared by hydrolysis of benzal chloride, for example, in acidic media in the presence of a catalyst such as ferric chloride or in alkaline media with aqueous sodium carbonate. Part of the commercially available benzaldehyde originates from a technical process for phenol. In this process, benzaldehyde is a by-product in the oxidation, in air, of toluene to benzoic acid.
Definition
ChEBI: Benzaldehyde is an arenecarbaldehyde that consists of benzene bearing a single formyl substituent; the simplest aromatic aldehyde and parent of the class of benzaldehydes. It has a role as a flavouring agent, a fragrance, an odorant receptor agonist, a plant metabolite, an EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor and an EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Benzaldehyde appears as a clear colorless to yellow liquid with a bitter almond odor. Flash point near 145 °F. More denser than water and insoluble in water. Hence sinks in water. Vapors are heavier than air. The primary hazard is to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit spread to the environment. Easily penetrates the soil to contaminate groundwater and nearby waterways. Used in flavoring and perfume making.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Oxidizes in air to form benzoic acid, which is moderately toxic by ingestion. Insoluble in water.
Reaktivität anzeigen
A nontoxic, combustible liquid, reacts with oxidizing reagents. Benzaldehyde must be blanketed with an inert gas at all times since Benzaldehyde is oxidized readily by air to benzoic acid [Kirk-Othmer, 3rd ed., Vol. 3, 1978, p. 736]. In contact with strong acids or bases Benzaldehyde will undergo an exothermic condensation reaction [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 327]. A violent reaction was observed on contact with peroxyacids (peroxyformic acid) [DiAns, J. et al., Ber., 1915, 48, p. 1136]. An explosion occurred when pyrrolidine, Benzaldehyde, and propionic acid were heated to form porphyrins.
Hazard
Highly toxic.
Health Hazard
Benzaldehyde exhibited low to moderate toxicityin test animals, the poisoning effectdepending on dosage. Ingestion of 50–60 mLmay be fatal to humans. Oral intake of a largedose can cause tremor, gastrointestinal pain,and kidney damage. Animal experimentsindicated that ingestion of this compoundby guinea pigs caused tremor, bleeding fromsmall intestine, and an increase in urine volume;in rats, ingestion resulted in somnolenceand coma.
LD50 value, oral (guinea pigs): 1000 mg/kg
LD50 value, oral (rats): 1300 mg/kg
A 500-mg amount for a 24-hour periodresulted in moderate skin irritation in rabbits.Because of its low toxicity, high boilingpoint, and low vapor pressure, the healthhazard to humans from exposure to benzaldehydeis very low.
Brandgefahr
HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.
Chemische Reaktivität
Reactivity with Water: No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reactions; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.
Sicherheitsprofil
Poison by ingestion
and intraperitoneal routes. Moderately
toxic by subcutaneous route. An allergen.
Acts as a feeble local anesthetic. Local
contact may cause contact dermatitis.
Causes central nervous system depression in
small doses and convulsions in larger doses.
A skin irritant. Questionable carcinogen
with experimental tumorigenic data.
Mutation data reported. Combustible liquid.
To fight fire, use water (may be used as a
blanket), alcohol, foam, dry chemical. A
strong reducing agent. Reacts violently with
peroxyformic acid and other oxidizers. See
also ALDEHYDES.
mögliche Exposition
In manufacture of perfumes, dyes, and
cinnamic acid; as solvent; in flavors.
Stoffwechsel
Benzaldehyde was among 300 volatile constituents detected in the urine of ten adults . It is commonly converted to hippuric acid in vivo. In the rabbit and dog, hippuric acid appears to be the only metabolite there being practically no formation of benzoyl glucuronide. The conversion of benzaldehyde to benzoic acid in the rabbit follows first-order reaction kinetics
Lager
Benzaldehyde should be kept stored in a tightly closed container and protected against
physical damage. Storage of the chemical substance outside or in a detached area is preferred, whereas inside storage should be in a standard flammable liquids storage room or
cabinet. Benzaldehyde should be kept separated from oxidizing materials. Also, storage
and use areas should be no smoking areas. Containers of this material may be hazardous
when empty since they retain product residues (vapors, liquid); observe all warnings and
precautions listed for the product
Versand/Shipping
UN1990 Benzaldehyde, Hazard class: 9; Labels:
9—Miscellaneous hazardous material.
läuterung methode
To diminish its rate of oxidation, benzaldehyde usually contains additives such as hydroquinone or catechol. It can be purified via its bisulfite addition compound but usually distillation (under nitrogen at reduced pressure) is sufficient. Prior to distillation it is washed with NaOH or 10% Na2CO3 (until no more CO2 is evolved), then with saturated Na2SO3 and H2O, followed by drying with CaSO4, MgSO4 or CaCl2. [Beilstein 7 IV 505.]
Inkompatibilitäten
The substance reacts with air, forming
explosive peroxides. Reacts violently with performic acid,
oxidants, aluminum, iron, bases, and phenol, causing fire
and explosion hazard. May self-ignite if absorbed in combustible
material with large surface area, or otherwise dispersed
over large areas. Reacts with rust, amines, alkalies, strong
bases, reducing agents such as hydrideds and active metals.
Waste disposal
Incineration; add combustible
solvent and spray into incinerator with afterburner.
Vorsichtsmaßnahmen
Workers should be careful when using benzaldehyde because there is a risk of spontaneous combustion. It may ignite spontaneously if it is absorbed onto rags, cleaning cloths,
clothing, sawdust, diatomaceous earth (kieselguhr), activated charcoal, or other materials with large surface areas in workplaces. Workers should avoid handling the chemical
substance and should not cut, puncture, or weld on or near the container. Exposure of
benzaldehyde to air, light, heat, hot surfaces such as hot pipes, sparks, open flames, and
other ignition sources should be avoided. Workers should wear proper personal protective
clothing and equipment
Benzaldehyd Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
DL-2-Hydroxy-2-phenylessigsure
2,3-Dihydroflavon
2-amino-5-chloro-diphenyl methanol
Propafenone Hydrochloride
trans-2-Phenylcyclopropancarbonsure
whitener WG for wool
Benzenemethanol, ar-methyl-, acetate
Benzylhydrazindihydrochlorid
α-Hexylzimtaldehyd
Diaveridin
Hydrogen[4-[4-(p-ethoxyanilino)-4'-[ethyl(m-sulfonatobenzyl)amino]-2'-methylbenzhydrylen]-3-methylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yliden](ethyl)(m-sulfonatobenzyl)ammonium, Mononatriumsalz
2,4,5-Triphenylimidazol
L-(+)-α-Phenylglycin
3,4-Dichlorbenzylamin
Magentagreencrystals
Reactive Blue BRF
4-Phenylbutenon
Phenytoin
4-Methylpiperazin-1-ylamindihydrochloridhydrat
1-Acetamidozimtsaeure
Methyl-1H-indol-2-carboxylat
Diammonio(ethyl)[4-[[4-[ethyl(3-sulfonatobenzyl)amino]phenyl](2-sulfonatophenyl)methylen]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yliden](3-sulfonatobenzyl)ammonium
2-[2-(4-Fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-1-phenylethyl]-4-methyl-3-oxo-N-phenylpentanamide
N,N,-Dibenzylethylendiammoniumdi-(acetat)
Bis(dibenzylideneacetone)palladium
2-[2-[4-[(2-Cyanethyl)methylamino]phenyl]vinyl]-1,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indoliumchlorid
Reactive Blue 104
1,4-Dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-ni-trophenyl)-3,5-pyridindicarbon-säure-dimethylester
Epalrestat
4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)but-3-en-2-on
2-Phenyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-methanol
3,5-Diphenyl-1H-pyrazol
2-((E)-2-Hydroxy-3-phenylacryloyl)benzoic acid ,97%
(R)-(+)-N-Benzyl-1-phenylethylamine
N,N'-BISBENZYLIDENEBENZIDINE
5,5'-Diphenyl-3,3'-bis(4-nitrophenyl)-2,2'-(3,3'-dimethoxybiphenyl-4,4'-ylen)-ditetrazoliumchlorid
L-Argininhydrochlorid
(E)-3-Benzylidene-3H-isochromene-1,4-dione ,97%
2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazoliumchlorid
Tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium
