Medroxyprogesteronacetat Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R40:Verdacht auf krebserzeugende Wirkung.
R48:Gefahr ernster Gesundheitsschäden bei längerer Exposition.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S22:Staub nicht einatmen.
S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
Beschreibung
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate, also known as Medroxyprogesterone 17-acetate or MPA, is a synthetic progestogen and a steroidal progestin. It is derived from the human hormone progesterone. It prevents fertilization and increases the rate of transport of eggs from the fallopian tubes to the uterus in female ferrets when administered prior to ovulation. Medroxyprogesterone 17-acetate reversibly blocks ovulation in rats when injected on the last day of diestrus. It also has anti-androgenic activity in rats, decreasing plasma testosterone levels via induction of hepatic testosterone reductase activity. Medroxyprogesterone 17-acetate exhibits immunosuppressive effects in vitro and in vivo, inhibiting the production of IFN-γ by CD2/CD3/CD28-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at concentrations ≥10 nM and extending the survival of rabbit skin allografts. Injectable formulations containing medroxyprogesterone 17-acetate have been used as contraceptives.
Chemische Eigenschaften
White or almost white, crystalline powder.
Verwenden
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate is a synthetic progesterone receptor agonist that is used to treat amenorrhea (unusual stopping of menstrual periods) and abnormal uterine bleeding.
Definition
ChEBI: Medroxyprogesterone acetate is an acetate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the 17alpha-hydroxy group of medroxyprogesterone with the carboxy group of acetic acid. A widely used progestin in menopausal hormone therapy and in progestogen-only birth control. It has a role as a progestin, an androgen, a female contraceptive drug, a synthetic oral contraceptive, an adjuvant, an inhibitor, an antioxidant and an antineoplastic agent. It is a steroid ester, an acetate ester, a 20-oxo steroid, a 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid and a corticosteroid. It is functionally related to a medroxyprogesterone.
Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO)
A depot preparation containing 150 mg medroxyprogesterone
acetate was introduced over 20 years ago for use as a long-acting injectable
contraceptive. Subsequently, positive results of carcinogenicity studies carried out
in beagle bitches led to refusal of registration in the United States. These findings
were later considered irrelevant to contraceptive use in women and the drug was
approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Menstrual irregularities are the
most common adverse effect associated with depot medroxyprogesterone acetate.
Risk-benefit judgements differ significantly from country to country, having regard
to differing national circumstances. The preparation is, however, widely available
and is included in the WHO Model List of Essential Drugs.
(Reference: (WHTAC4) The Use of Essential Drugs, 4th Report of the WHO Expert
Committee, 796, , 1990)
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Medroxyprogesterone acetate is an odorless white to off-white microcrystalline powder. It is a synthetic, acetate derivative of the sex hormone progesterone. (NTP, 1992)
Air & Water Reaktionen
Medroxyprogesterone 17-acetate is sensitive to prolonged exposure to air and light. Insoluble in water.
Reaktivität anzeigen
Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of alcohols with alkali metals, nitrides, and strong reducing agents. They react with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to form esters plus water. Oxidizing agents convert them to aldehydes or ketones. Alcohols exhibit both weak acid and weak base behavior. They may initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides.
Hazard
Possible carcinogen.
Brandgefahr
Flash point data for Medroxyprogesterone 17-acetate are not available; however, Medroxyprogesterone 17-acetate is probably combustible.
Sicherheitsprofil
Suspected carcinogen
with experimental carcinogenic, neoplastigenic, tumorigenic, and teratogenic data.
Human systemic effects by intravenous
route: increased intraocular pressure. Human teratogenic effects by an unspecified
route: developmental abnormalities of the
urogenital system. Human reproductive
effects by multiple routes:
spermatogenesis, menstrual cycle changes or
dlsorders, postpartum effects, female fertility
effects, abortion, newborn behavioral
effects. Human mutation data reported.
Experimental reproductive effects. A drug
for the treatment of secondary amenorrhoea
and dysfunctional uterine bleeding. When
heated to decomposition it emits acrid
smoke and irritating fumes.
Stoffwechsel
Among the first of these substituted 17α-acetoxyprogesterone analogues to be utilized therapeutically was medroxyprogesterone
acetate, a 6α-methyl progesterone analogue. This analogue is 25-fold more active than ethisterone. Following oral
administration, medroxyprogesterone acetate is completely and rapidly deacetylated by first-pass metabolism to
medroxyprogesterone. Medroxyprogesterone is extensively metabolized via pathways similar to those for progesterone, except for
6α-hydroxylation. Most medroxyprogesterone acetate metabolites are excreted in the urine, primarily as glucuronide conjugates.
Plasma protein binding for medroxyprogesterone is approximately 86%, primarily to serum albumin, with no binding to SHBG.
Einzelnachweise
1. Chang, M.C. Effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate and of ethinyl oestradiol on the fertilization and transportation of ferret eggs. J. Reprod. Fertil. 13(1), 173-174 (1967). DOI:
10.1530/JRF.0.01301732. Dickmann, Z. Short-and long-term effects of a single injection of depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (provera) on the vaginal smear, ovulation and mating in the rat. J. Reprod. Fertil. 32(3), 447-451 (1973). DOI:
10.1530/JRF.0.03204473. Albin, J., Vittek, J., Gordon, G.G., et al. On the mechanism of the anti-androgenic effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate. Endocrinology 93(2), (1973). DOI:
10.1210/ENDO-93-2-4174. Huijbregts, R.P., Michel, K.G., and Hel, Z. Effect of progestins on immunity: Medroxyprogesterone but not norethisterone or levonorgestrel suppresses the function of T cells and pDCs. Contraception 90(2), 123-129 (2014). DOI:
10.1016/j.contraception.2014.02.0065. Turcotte, J.G., Haines, R.F., Brody, G.L., et al. Immunosuppression with medroxyprogesterone acetate. Transplantation 6(2), 248-260 (1968). DOI:
10.1097/00007890-196803000-000106. Hofmeyr, G.J., Singata-Madliki, M., Lawrie, T.A., et al. Effects of the copper intrauterine device versus injectable progestin contraception on pregnancy rates and method discontinuation among women attending termination of pregnancy services in South Africa: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Reprod. Health 13, 42 (2016). DOI:
10.1186/s12978-016-0153-97. Thomas CP, Liu KZ, Vats HS. Medroxyprogesterone acetate binds the glucocorticoid receptor to stimulate alpha-ENaC and sgk1 expression in renal collecting duct epithelia. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2006 Feb;290(2):F306-12. Epub 2005 Sep 27. DOI:
10.1152/AJPRENAL.00062.20058. Braden BB, Talboom JS, Crain ID, Simard AR, Lukas RJ, Prokai L, Scheldrup MR, Bowman BL, Bimonte-Nelson HA. Medroxyprogesterone acetate impairs memory and alters the GABAergic system in aged surgically menopausal rats. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2010Mar;93(3):444-53. DOI:
10.1016/j.nlm.2010.01.002
Medroxyprogesteronacetat Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
