Propan-1,2-diol Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
FARBLOSE, GERUCHLOSE, HYGROSKOPISCHE, VISKOSE FLüSSIGKEIT.
PHYSIKALISCHE GEFAHREN
Die Dämpfe sind schwerer als Luft.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Reagiert mit starken Oxidationsmitteln unter Feuergefahr.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV nicht festgelegt (ACGIH 2005).
MAK: IIb (nicht festgelegt, aber Informationen vorhanden) (DFG 2006).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation der Dämpfe und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Beim Verdampfen bei 20°C tritt eine gesundheitsschädliche Kontamination der Luft nicht oder nur sehr langsam ein
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Substanz reizt die Augen.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
Wiederholter oder andauernder Kontakt kann zu Hautsensibilisierung führen.
LECKAGE
Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit möglichst in abdichtbaren Behältern sammeln. Verschüttete Flüssigkeit mit viel Wasser wegspülen.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S24/25:Berührung mit den Augen und der Haut vermeiden.
Aussehen Eigenschaften
C3H8O2; Propylenglycol, 1,2-Dihydoxypropan. Farblose, ölige Flüssigkeit mit charakteristischem aber schwachem Geruch und stechend süßlichem Geschmack. Hyroskopisch und mit Wasser unbegrenzt mischbar.
Gefahren für Mensch und Umwelt
Nicht mit Oxidationsmitteln in Berührung bringen. Im dampf-/gasförmigen Zustand mit Luft explosionsfähig. Dämpfe schwerer als Luft.
LD50 (oral, Ratte) 20000 mg/kg
Schutzmaßnahmen und Verhaltensregeln
Schutzhandschuhe als kurzzeitiger Spritzschutz.
Verhalten im Gefahrfall
Mit flüssigkeitsbindendem Material, z.B. Rench Rapid aufnehmen, der Entsorgung zuführen. Nachreinigen.
Kohlendioxid, Wasser, alkoholbeständiger Schaum, Pulver.
Brennbar. Dämpfe schwerer als Luft. Im Brandfall Entstehung gefährlicher Dämpfe möglich. Mit Luft Bildung explosionsfähiger Gemische möglich.
Erste Hilfe
Nach Hautkontakt: Mit reichlich Wasser abwaschen
Nach Augenkontakt: Mit reichlich Wasser und geöffnetem Lidspalt mindestens 10 Minuten ausspülen.
Nach Einatmen: Frischluft.
Nach Verschlucken: Viel Wasser trinken lassen, Erbrechen auslösen, Arzt hinzuziehen. Magenspülung.
Nach Kleidungskontakt: Kontaminierte Kleidung sofort entfernen.
Ersthelfer: siehe gesonderten Anschlag
Sachgerechte Entsorgung
Halogenfreie organische Lösemittelabfälle.
Beschreibung
Propylene glycol is used as antifreeze in breweries and
diaries, in the manufacture of resins, as a solvent, and
as an emulsifier in food. It was present as an
occupational sensitizer in the color-film developer
Flexicolor.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Propylene glycol is a colorless, odorless,
syrupy liquid.
Occurrence
Reported found in several varieties of mushrooms, roasted sesame seed, oat groats, parmesan cheese, cocoa,
pecans and truffle.
Verwenden
Next to water, propylene glycol is the most common moisturecarrying vehicle used in cosmetic formulations. It has better skin permeation than glycerin, and it also gives a pleasant feel with less greasiness than glycerin. Propylene glycol is used as a humectant because it absorbs water from the air. It also serves as a solvent for anti-oxidants and preservatives. In addition, it has preservative properties against bacteria and fungi when used in concentrations of 16 percent or higher. There is a concern that propylene glycol is an irritant at high concentrations, though it appears to be quite safe at usage levels under 5 percent.
Definition
An alcohol in which the hydroxyl groups are attached to a carbon atom of a branched or straight-chain aliphatic hydrocarbon.
Indications
Propylene glycol solution (40% to 60%, v/vCH2CH[OH]CH2OH, propylene glycol)
applied to the skin under plastic occlusion hydrates the skin and causes desquamation
of scales. Propylene glycol, isotonic in 2% concentration, is a widely used vehicle
in dermatologic preparations. Hydroalcoholic gels containing propylene glycol or
other substances augment the keratolytic action of salicylic acid. Keralyt gel consists
of 6% salicylic acid, 19.4% alcohol, hydroxypropylcellulose, propylene glycol, and water and is an extremely effective keratolytic agent. Overnight occlusion is used
nightly until improvement is evident, at which time the frequency of therapy can
be decreased to every third night or once weekly. This therapy is well tolerated,
is usually nonirritating, and has been most successful in patients with X-linked
ichthyosis vulgaris. Burning and stinging may occur when applied to damaged skin.
Patients with other abnormalities of keratinization with hyperkeratosis, scaling, and
dryness may also benefit.
Vorbereitung Methode
Propylene glycol generally is synthesized commercially by
starting with propylene, converting to the chlorohydrin, and
hydrolyzing to propylene oxide, which is then hydrolyzed
to propylene glycol. It can also be prepared by other
methods.
synthetische
Manufactured by treating propylene with chlorinated water to form the chlorohydrin, which is converted to the glycol by
treatment with sodium carbonate solution. It is also prepared by heating glycerol with sodium hydroxide.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Thick odorless colorless liquid. Mixes with water.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Water soluble.
Reaktivität anzeigen
1,2-Propanediol is hygroscopic. 1,2-Propanediol is sensitive to excessive heat (tends to oxidize at high temperatures). 1,2-Propanediol can react with oxidizing materials. 1,2-Propanediol is incompatible with acid chlorides, acid anhydrides, chloroformates, and reducing agents. 1,2-Propanediol dissolves many essential oils. A mixture of 1,2-Propanediol with hydrofluoric acid and silver nitrate was put in a glass bottle which burst 30 minutes later.
Hazard
Toxic.
Health Hazard
Liquid may irritate eyes.
Brandgefahr
1,2-Propanediol is combustible.
Kontakt-Allergie
Propylene glycol is used as a solvent, a vehicle for
topical medicaments such as corticosteroids or aciclovir,
an emulsifier and humectant in food and cosmetics,
and as antifreeze in breweries, in the manufactures
of resins. It was present as an occupational sensitizer
in the color film developer Flexicolor?. Patch tests in
aqua are sometimes irritant.
Sicherheitsprofil
Slightly toxic by
ingestion, skin contact, intraperitoneal,
intravenous, subcutaneous, and
intramuscular routes. Human systemic
effects by ingestion: general anesthesia,
convulsions, changes in surface EEG.
Experimental teratogenic and reproductive
effects. An eye and human skin irritant.
Mutation data reported. Combustible liquid
when exposed to heat or flame; can react
with oxidizing materials. Explosive in the
form of vapor when exposed to heat or
flame. May react with hydrofluoric acid +
nitric acid + silver nitrate to form the
explosive silver fulminate. To fight fire, use
alcohol foam. When heated to
decomposition it emits acrid smoke and
irritating fumes.
mögliche Exposition
Propylene glycol is used as a solvent;
emulsifying agent; food and feed additive; flavor, in manu-
facture of plastics; as a plasticizer, surface-active agent;
antifreeze, solvent, disinfectant, hydroscopic agent; coolant
in refrigeration systems; pharmaceutical, brake fluid; and
many others.
Carcinogenicity
Dewhurst et al. and
Baldwin et al. in studies on the carcinogenicity of
other chemicals used propylene glycol as the solvent. As a
result they tested propylene glycol alone for carcinogenic
activity in rats and mice. Dewhurst et al. used a single
injection of 0.2 mL, whereas Baldwin et al. gave rats
and mice three to five subcutaneous injections, amount not
specified. In neither case were tumors observed during a
period of about a year or 2 years .
Wallenious and Lecholm applied propylene glycol
to the skin of rats three times a week for 14 months but found
no tumor formation. Stenback and Shubik confirmed
these findings when they applied propylene glycol at undiluted
strength and as a 50 and 10% solution in acetone to the
skin of mice during their lifetimes.
No tumors have been reported in the lifetime dietary
feeding studies . In fact, Gaunt et al.
specifically state that no tumors were found in the rats.
Environmental Fate
Propylene glycol can be released into the environment via
industrial releases or by disposal of consumer products.
Propylene glycol is readily soluble in water and has a low
sorption partition coefficient (KOC), so has the ability to move
through soil and to leach into ground water. Because of low
vapor pressure (0.1 mmHg at 25°C) and high water solubility,
there is minimal volatilization to the atmosphere from
surface water releases as well as substantial removal of its
vapors by wet deposition. Its low octanol/water partition
coefficient (KOW) indicates that bioconcentration and biomagnification
should not happen. Propylene glycol is readily
degraded in surface water and soil, by chemical oxidation and
microbial digestion, with a short half-life (1–5 days) in
aerobic or anaerobic conditions. It is also rapidly degraded in
the atmosphere by photochemical oxidation, with a half-life
about 1 day. Although environmental releases can and do
occur (airports must monitor storm water runoff of deicing
solutions), human health effects are likely to be minor, at
least in comparison to effects from potential exposures in
clinical scenarios.
läuterung methode
Dry the diol with Na2SO4, decant and distil it under reduced pressure. [Beilstein 1 IV 2468.]
Inkompatibilitäten
Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates,
nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine,
bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explo-
sions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong acids
(especially nitric acid), strong bases, permanganates,
dichromates; may cause a violent reaction.
Waste disposal
Dissolve or mix the
material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical
incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber.All federal, state, and local environmental regulations must
be observed.
Propan-1,2-diol Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
Famciclovir
MONASCUS RED
2,4-DIHYDROXY-3,3-DIMETHYLBUTANOIC ACID
4-Hydroxy-2,5-dimethylfuran-2(3H)-on
Shikonin
1,3-Dichlorpropan
Unsaturated polyester resin
demulsifier PE series
p-Vinylphenol
2,4,5-Trichlorphenol
Poly(propylene glycol)
1,7-Bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-dien-3,5-dion
Fytinsure
Stearinsure, Monoester mit Propan-1,2-diol
Adhesive
1,1'-Oxydipropan-2-ol
PAINT
Brenztraubensure
2,3-Epoxy-1-propanol
1,3-Dibrompropan
2-Methyl-2-propyl-1,3-propandiol-dicarbamat
Diprophyllin
Chlorhydrin
Methylacrylat
Toloxaton
Propylencarbonat
α-D-Glucopyranosid, β-D-Fructofuranosyl-, Octadecanoat
Maiz moraelo colour
LACCAIC ACID
