Graphit Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
SCHWARZE FLOCKEN, STüCKE, PULVERODER SPäNE.
PHYSIKALISCHE GEFAHREN
Staubexplosion der pulverisierten oder granulierten Substanz in Gemischen mit Luft möglich.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Starkes Reduktionsmittel. Reagiert mit Oxidationsmitteln.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: 2,0 mg/m?(als TWA); (Alveolengängige Fraktion); (ACGIH 2008).
MAK: 1,5 mg/m?(Alveolengängige Fraktion); 4 mg/m?(Einatembare Fraktion); Schwangerschaft: Gruppe C; (DFG 2008).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Verdampfen bei 20°C vernachlässigbar; eine belästigende Partikelkonzentration in der Luft kann jedoch schnell erreicht werden.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
Risiko der Lungenschädigung bei wiederholter oder längerer Staubexposition. mit nachfolgender Graphit-Pneumokoniose.
LECKAGE
Verschüttetes Material in Behältern sammeln; falls erforderlich durch Anfeuchten Staubentwicklung verhindern. Dann mit viel Wasser wegspülen. Reste mit viel Wasser wegspülen. Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzgerät, P1-Filter für inerte Partikel.
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R36/37:Reizt die Augen und die Atmungsorgane.
R20:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Einatmen.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S36:DE: Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung tragen.
S37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S22:Staub nicht einatmen.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Graphite is crystallized carbon and usually
appears as soft, black scales. There are two types of graph ite, natural and artificial (activated). Natural and synthetic
graphite may be mixed with each other or contain other
additives.
Occurrence
Graphite is usually found in metamorphic rocks as veins, lenses, and pockets and as thin laminae disseminated in gneisses, schists, and phyllites. Depending upon the mode of occurrence
and origin, it is graded into three forms: flake graphite found in metamorphosed rocks as vein
deposits, crystalline graphite found as fissure-filled veins, and cryptocrystalline graphite formed in metamorphosed coal beds. Natural graphite occurs in many parts of the world in
fair abundance and it has been used in various applications.
In nature, graphite is found
usually in association with feldspars, mica, quartz, pyroxene, rutile, pyrites, and apatite.
These impurities are associated with vein graphite. The impurities with amorphous graphite
are shale, slate, sandstone, quartz, and limestone. Graphite is found in almost every country,
but Ceylon, Madagascar, Mexico, western Germany, and Korea all possess particularly plentiful reserves. Major industrial producers of graphite are South Korea, the largest producer
in the world, followed by Austria.
Verwenden
High-temperature lubricant,
crucible container for handling
molten metals such as Mg, Al,
Zn, Ga, Sb, and Bi
Verwenden
For "lead" pencils, refractory crucibles, stove polish; as pigment, lubricant, graphite cement; for matches and explosives, commutator brushes, anodes, arc-lamp carbons, electroplating; polishing Compounds, rust and needle-paper; coating for cathode ray tubes; moderator in nuclear piles.
Definition
An allotrope of CARBON.
Graphite is a good conductor of heat and
electricity. The atoms are arranged in layers
which cleave easily and graphite is used
as a solid lubricant.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
A mineral form of the element carbon. Hexagonal crystals or thin leaf-like layers. Steel-gray to black with a metallic luster and a greasy feel. An electrical conductor. Used for high-temperature crucibles, as a lubricant and in "lead" pencils.
Reaktivität anzeigen
GRAPHITE is non-flammable in bulk form, but combustible. A reducing agent. Mixtures of graphite dust and air are explosive when ignited.Reacts violently with very strong oxidizing agents such as fluorine, chlorine dioxide, and potassium peroxide. Almost inert chemically when in bulk form. Keep away from ignition sources and oxidizing agents.
Health Hazard
Pure synthetic graphite acts as
an inert or nuisance dust.
Industrielle Verwendung
Graphite is a form of carbon. It was formerlyknown as black lead, and when first used forpencils was called Flanders’ stone. It is a naturalvariety of elemental carbon with a grayishblackcolor and a metallic tinge.
Carbon and graphite have been used inindustry for many years, primarily as electrodes,arc carbons, brush carbons, and bearings.In the last decade or so, development ofnew types and emergence of graphite fibers asa promising reinforcement for high-performancecomposites have significantly increasedthe versatility of this family of materials.
mögliche Exposition
Natural graphite is used in foundry
facings, steel making lubricants, refractories, crucibles,
pencil “lead,” paints, pigments, and stove polish. Artificial
graphite may be substituted for these uses with the excep tion of clay crucibles; other types of crucibles may be pro duced from artificial graphite. Additionally, it may be used
as a high temperature lubricant or for electrodes. It is uti lized in the electrical industry in electrodes, brushes, con tacts, and electronic tube rectifier elements; as a constituent
in lubricating oils and greases; to treat friction elements,
such as brake linings; to prevent molds from sticking
together; and in moderators in nuclear reactors. In addition,
concerns have been expressed about synthetic graphite in
fibrous form. Those exposed are involved in production of
graphite fibers from pitch or acrylonitrile fibers and the
manufacture and use of composites of plastics, metals, or
ceramics reinforced with graphite fibers.
Versand/Shipping
UN1362 Carbon, activated, Hazard Class: 4.2;
Labels: 4.2-Spontaneously combustible material, International.
läuterung methode
Treat graphite with hot 1:1 HCl. Then filter, wash and the dried powdered is heated in an evacuated quartz tube at 1000o until a high vacuum is obtained. Cool this and store it in an atmosphere of helium [Craig et al. J Phys Chem 60 1225 1956].
Inkompatibilitäten
Graphite is a strong reducing agent and
reacts violently with oxidizers, such as fluorine, chlorine
trifluoride, and potassium peroxide. Forms an explosive
mixture with air. May be spontaneously combustible in air.
Waste disposal
Do not incinerate. Carbon
(graphite) fibers are difficult to dispose of by incineration.
Waste fibers should be packaged and disposed of in a land fill authorized for the disposal of special wastes of this
nature, or as otherwise may be required by law.
Graphit Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
