Hydrocortison Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R63:Kann das Kind im Mutterleib möglicherweise schädigen.
R62:Kann möglicherweise die Fortpflanzungsfähigkeit beeinträchtigen.
R40:Verdacht auf krebserzeugende Wirkung.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S36/37:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzkleidung tragen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S36:DE: Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung tragen.
S22:Staub nicht einatmen.
Chemische Eigenschaften
crystalline white powder
Verwenden
Cortisol, or Hydrocortisone, is a steroid hormone, more specifically a glucocorticoid, produced by the zona fasciculata of the adrenal gland. Cortisol is released in response to stress and a low level
of blood glucocorticoids. Its primary functions are to increase blood sugar through gluconeogenesis; suppress the immune system; and aid in fat, protein and carbohydrate metabolism.
Definition
ChEBI: A C21-steroid that is pregn-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 20 and hydroxy groups at positions 11, 17 and 21. Cortisol is a corticosteroid hormone or glucocorticoid produced by zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex,
which is a part of the adrenal gland. It is usually referred to as the "stress hormone" as it is involved in response to stress and anxiety, controlled by corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). It increases blood pressure and blood sugar, and reduces immun
responses
Indications
Hydrocortisone (Cortizone, Cortaid, Anusol-HC, Hytone, LactiCare-HC, Sarnol
HC, Penecort, Texacort, and many other branded products) may be purchased as a
generic drug.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Hydrocortisone, 11β,17,21-trihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione, is the primary natural GCin humans. Despite the large number of synthetic GCs, hydrocortisone,its esters, and its salts remain a mainstay ofmodern adrenocortical steroid therapy and the standard forcomparison of all other GCs and MCs . It isused for all the indications mentioned previously.
Health Hazard
Cortisol Increases (1) protein catabolism (excepting liver) gluconeogenesis; (2) carbohydrate anabolism (liver); (3) blood sugar; (4) glucose absorption; (5) brain excitation; (6) spread of infections; (7)urinary glucose and nitrogen; (8) stress tolerance; (9) lactation; (10) water diuresis.
Regulates general adaptation syndrome, water balance, blood pressure, and hormone release.
Decreases (1) fat anabolism; (2) growth rate; (3) inflammation; (4) eosinophils; (5) lymphocytes; (6) antigen sensitivity; (7) respiratory quotient; (8) ketosis; (9) wound healing; (10) skin pigmentation; (11)RBC hemolysis.
Kontakt-Allergie
Hydrocortisone is the principal glucocorticoid hor-
mone produced by the adrenal cortex and is used topi-
cally or systemically. It belongs to the allergenic A
group. Marker of allergy is tixocortol pivalate.
Mechanism of action
Hydrocortisone exhibits anti-shock, anti-allergy, and anti-inflammatory action. It raises
sugar content in the blood, increases potassium secretion, and lowers sodium excretion
from the body. It exhibits anti-metabolic action and reduces histamine synthesis in the
body.
Clinical Use
Hydrocortisone is endogenous, and it has both glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid activity. It is
the fundamental structure by which the glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid activities of all other
corticosteroids are judged. Functional groups that are essential for both mineralocorticoid and
glucocorticoid activity include the pregnane skeleton with an all-trans backbone, the ring
A-en-one system (?4
-3-one ring A) and the 17β-ketol side chain (C-20-keto-C-21-hydroxy). The
glucocorticoid activity is enhanced by the C-11 and C-17 hydroxyl groups. Hydrocortisone can be
used to treat severe asthmatic attacks that do not respond to conventional treatment. It is
available as various ester forms.
Sicherheitsprofil
Poison by
läuterung methode
Recrystallise hydrocortisone from EtOH or isoPrOH. It is bitter tasting and has UV with max at 242 nm (log 4.20). Its solubility at 25o is: H2O (0.28%), EtOH (1.5%), MeOH (0.62%), Me2CO (0.93%), CHCl3 (0.16%), propylene glycol (1.3%) and Et2O (0.35%). It gives an intense green colour with conc H2SO4. [Wendler et al. J Am Chem Soc 72 5793 1950, Beilstein 8 IV 3422.]
Hydrocortison Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
6,9-Difluoropregn-4-ene-11,17,21-triol-3,20-dione17,21-diacetate
9-Bromo-11,17,21-trihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione17,21-diacetate
9-Bromo-11,17,21-trihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione 21-acetate
9-Fluoropregna-1,4-diene-11,17,21-triol-3,20-dione17,21-diacetate
6,9-Difluoro-11,16,17,21-tetrahydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione 21-acetate
6-Fluoro-17,21-dihydroxypregna-4,9(11)-diene-3,20-dione 17,21-diacetate
11α,17,21-Trihydroxypregn-4-en-3,20-dion-21-acetat
9,11-Epoxy-6-fluoro-17,21-dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione-17,21-diacetate
6alpha,9-difluoro-11beta,21-dihydroxypregna-1,4,16-triene-3,20-dione 21-acetate
Prednisolon
9,11-Epoxypregn-4-ene-17,21-diol-3,20-dione 21-acetate
17,21-Diacetyloxy-9,11-epoxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione
Pregna-4,9(11)-diene-17,21-diol-3,20-dione17,21-diacetate
17-α,21-Dihydroxypregna-4,9(11)-dien-3,20-dion-21-acetat
11β,17-Dihydroxypregna-1,4-dien-3,20-dion-17-propionat
Prednison
3,17,21-Trihydroxypregna-3,5,9(11)-trien-20-one 3,17,21-triacetate
Hydrocortison-21-acetat
11β,17,21-Trihydroxypregn-4-en-3,20-dion-17-butyrat-21-propionat
6α,9-Difluor-11β,17,21-trihydroxypregna-1,4-dien-3,20-dion-17,21-di(acetat)
9-Fluor-11β,21-dihydroxypregna-1,4,16-trien-3,20-dion-21-acetat
Triamcinolone 21-acetate
