4-Pyridinamin Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R28:Sehr giftig beim Verschlucken.
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
R51/53:Giftig für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gewässern längerfristig schädliche Wirkungen haben.
R23/24/25:Giftig beim Einatmen, Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S60:Dieses Produkt und sein Behälter sind als gefährlicher Abfall zu entsorgen.
S61:Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden. Besondere Anweisungen einholen/Sicherheitsdatenblatt zu Rate ziehen.
S37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S1:Unter Verschluss aufbewahren.
Beschreibung
4-Aminopyridine (4-AP, fampridine, dalfampridine) is the first drug approved by the FDA to improve walking in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Dalfampridine is a voltage-gated potassium channel blocker that readily penetrates the CNS and increases the conduction and duration of action potential across nerve fibers resulting in enhanced functionality as observed in the walking speed of MS patients.
From a safety perspective, seizure was the most important adverse event from various dalfampridine clinical trials. Therefore, dalfampridine is contraindicated in patients with a history of seizures. Since dalfampridine is primarily excreted by the kidney as unchanged drug, it is also contraindicated in patients with moderate to severe renal impairment. Assessing the overall benefit–risk profile from various clinical trials, the FDA approved dalfampridine (daily oral dose of 10 mg, b.i.d.) to improve walking in MS patients with existing gait impairment.
Chemische Eigenschaften
4-aminopyridine is a white crystalline solid that contains about 98% active ingredient. It is soluble in water and slightly soluble in benzene and ether. 4-Aminopyridine formulations are classifi ed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) as restricted
use pesticides (RUPs) and therefore should be purchased and used only by certifi ed and
trained workers and applicators. Avitrol is available as grain baits or as a powder concentrate. It is one of the most prominent avicides. It is registered with the EPA for use against
red-winged blackbirds, blackbirds in agricultural fi elds, grackles, pigeons, and sparrows
around public buildings, and various birds around livestock feeding pens. Avitrol repels
birds by poisoning a few members of a fl ock, causing them to become hyperactive.
Verwenden
Avitrol (4-aminopyridine), has repellent–toxicant properties for birds and is classed as a severe poison and irritant. This secondary bird repellent can be used as a broadcast bait, causing uncoordinated flight and distress calls and escape responses in nearby birds.
Definition
ChEBI: 4-aminopyridine is an aromatic amine that is pyridine bearing a single amino substituent at position 4. An orphan drug in the US, it is used to improve walking in adults with multiple sclerosis. It has a role as an avicide, a potassium channel blocker and an orphan drug. It is an aromatic amine and an aminopyridine.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
White crystalline material with no odor. Used as an avicide, an intermediate and as a fixer for some textile dyes.
Reaktivität anzeigen
4-Aminopyridine neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.
Health Hazard
4-Aminopyridine, a pyridine compound, is an extremely effective bird poison. In agriculture, 4-AP is used as an extremely effective bird poison sold under the brand name Avitrol. It is highly toxic to all mammals including humans if dosages are exceeded, and as an experimental drug, the recommended dose data is unavailable.
Brandgefahr
Material may produce irritating or poisonous gases in fire. Runoff from fire control water may give off irritating or poisonous gases.
Sicherheitsprofil
Poison by ingestion, subcutaneous, intravenous, and intraperitoneal routes. Human systemic effects by ingestion: hallucinations and vomiting. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx,.
mögliche Exposition
Used as a chemical intermediate in pharmaceuticals; as an agricultural chemical for field crops; and as a bird repellent and poison
Versand/Shipping
UN2671 Aminopyridines, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials
läuterung methode
Crystallise the aminopyridine from *benzene/EtOH, then recrystallise it twice from water, then crush and dry it for 4hours at 105o [Bates & Hetzer J Res Nat Bur Stand 64A 427 1960]. It has also been crystallised from EtOH, *benzene, *benzene/pet ether, toluene and sublimes in a vacuum. [Beilstein 22/9 V 106.]
Inkompatibilitäten
Sodium nitrite, strong oxidizers. Avoid contact with acid anhydrides, acid chlorides; and strong acids.
Waste disposal
Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposalIncineration with nitrogen oxides removal from effluent gas.
4-Pyridinamin Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
2,2-DIMETHYL-N-PYRIDIN-4-YL-PROPIONAMIDE
efficient polymer catalyst for acrylation-synthesis and characterigation of polyamide containing supernucleophilic reagent
TERT-BUTYL 3-FORMYLPYRIDIN-4-YLCARBAMATE
4-ACETAMIDO-3-AMINOPYRIDINE
4-(Boc-amino)pyridine
(3-BROMO-PYRIDIN-4-YL)-CARBAMIC ACID TERT-BUTYL ESTER
3-PYRIDINEACETIC ACID, 4-[[(1,1-DIMETHYLETHOXY)CARBONYL]AMINO]-A-OXO-, ETHYL ESTER
4-Iodopyridine
2-chloro-5-ethylaminomethylpyridine
4-Amino-3-nitropyridine
4-Amino-2-bromopyridine
4-PYRIDYLTHIOUREA
3,4-DiaMino-5-broMo-2-chloropyridine
4-Chlorpyridin
2,7-di(pyridin-4-yl)benzo[lMn][3,8]phenanthroline-1,3,6,8(2H,7H)-tetraone
4-Amino-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine
