ミョウバン石(明礬石) 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
無～白色の結晶, 粉末, 片, 顆粒又は塊
定義
本品は、硫酸(*)のアルミニウムカリウム塩であり、次の化学式で表される。
参照表示名称：硫酸
溶解性
水に可溶。無色, ほとんど澄明 (0.8g, 水100mL) (After Drying)
解説
ミョウバン石は，化学組成KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6であらわされる鉱物。六方晶系。底面(0001)に良好なへき開がある。菱面体の結晶または板状，鱗片状，塊状。モース硬度3.5～4，もろい。比重2.6～2.9。ガラス光沢。白，帯灰色，帯黄色，帯赤色，帯褐色。熱すると微音を発してはねる。火山岩地帯に熱水変質作用によって生ずる。アルミニウム，焼きミョウバン，カリ肥料などの原料として用いられた。日本では兵庫県栃原蠟石鉱床から産出するが，用途がなく廃棄されている。株式会社平凡社 世界大百科事典 第２版について 情報
用途
食品添加物用。
用途
染色、顔料、製紙用、浄水用。
用途
焼ミョウバン、染色、顔料
化粧品の成分用途
口腔衛生剤、収れん剤、薬用収れん剤-口腔ヘルスケア用医薬品
効能
収斂薬
商品名
ミョウバン (小堺製薬)
化学的特性
white to colourless crystals
使用
Aluminium potassium sulfate dodecahydrate is a white crystal that is soluble in water. It is made by roasting alunite in a furnace and then harvesting the product by crystallization. Aluminium potassium sulfate dodecahydrate was used to harden gelatin emulsions by introduction, by bathing the exposed plates prior to development, or by use in the fixing bath. Mixed with citric or other acids, it was also used as a clearing bath to remove developer stains in negatives.
定義
ChEBI: A hydrate resulting from the the formal combination of anhydrous potassium aluminium sulfate with 12 mol eq. of water.
調製方法
Potassium alum is manufactured by treating bauxite with sulfuric
acid and then potassium sulfate. Alternatively, aluminum sulfate is
reacted with potassium sulfate.
一般的な説明
Aluminum potassium sulfate dodecahydrate is an inorganic sulfate salt of aluminum and potassium. Linear growth rates of (100), (111) and (110) faces of its crystals have been investigated.
健康ハザード
Prolonged periods of exposure to aluminum and dust cause symptoms of toxicity that
include, but are not limited to, coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, memory loss,
learning diffi culty, loss of coordination, disorientation, mental confusion, colic, heartburn,
fl atulence, and headaches. Chronic exposures to alumina dust cause irritation to the eyes,
応用例（製薬）
Potassium alum precipitates proteins and is a powerful astringent.
The ability to precipitate proteins is utilized in the manufacture of
vaccines, where purified proteins are coprecipitated with and
adsorbed onto potassium alum.
Potassium alum is often included in preparations used as
mouthwashes or gargles and in dermatological preparations, and
it may be used as a topical hemostatic, either as a solid or as a
solution. Intravesical instillation of potassium alum, typically as a
1% solution, has been used for hemorrhagic cystitis.
安全性
Potassium alum is often included in preparations used as
mouthwashes or gargles and in dermatological preparations.
Large doses of potassium alum act as an irritant and may be
corrosive; gum necrosis and gastrointestinal hemorrhage have
occurred. Acute encephalopathy has been reported following
bladder irrigation with alum solutions in the treatment of bladder
hemorrhage. Anecdotal evidence suggests that this practice should
be avoided for patients with renal insufficiency.
貯蔵
Store in a cool, dry place in tightly closed containers. Stable under
normal temperatures and pressures. When kept for a long time at
60–65°C (or over sulfuric acid) potassium alum dodecahydrate
loses water, which is reabsorbed on exposure to air. It becomes
anhydrous at about 200°C.
純化方法
Crystallise it from weak aqueous H2SO4 (ca 0.5mL/g). Its solubility (%) in H2O is 5.7 (0o), 12.0 (20o) and 136.9 (100o).
不和合性
Potassium alum is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents,
aluminum, copper, steel, and zinc. When it is dispensed in powders
with phenol, salicylates, or tannic acid, gray or green colors may be
developed owing to traces of iron in the alum.
予防処置
Aminocarb decomposes on heating and produces toxic fumes, irritating fumes, and oxides
of nitrogen. During handling of aminocarb workers should wear protective clothing,
gloves, face shield, breathing protection and avoid open flames.
規制状況(Regulatory Status)
GRAS listed. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database
(vaginal; suppository). Included in medicines licensed in the UK.
ミョウバン石(明礬石) 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品