トリクロロフルオロメタン 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
解説
トリクロロフルオロメタン．フレオン11ともいう．五塩化アンチモン触媒下，四塩化炭素をフッ化水素でフッ素化してつくられる．無色の液体．融点－111 ℃，沸点23.8 ℃．d2541.476．n25D 1.374．エタノール，エーテルに可溶，水に不溶．毒性，腐食性はなく安定で，冷凍機用溶媒として多用されているが，オゾン層を破壊する環境問題があり，生産が制限されている．眼を刺激し，吸入すると肝機能に悪影響を及ぼす．
用途
冷凍機用冷媒、エアゾール噴射剤、精密機械やフィルムの洗浄用溶剤、プラスチックフォーム発泡剤
効能
噴霧剤
説明
Trichlorofluoromethane is a chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) which is commonly used as a refrigerant, a foaming or blowing agent in industry, a solvent, an aerosol propellant, and in chemical syntheses.
Trichlorofluoromethane is a colorless, odorless gas at normal temperatures and pressures. Under high pressures as in cans, tanks or refrigerators it is in liquid form. When released from a pressurized container it evaporates almost instantly and can cause freezing at the point of release. At very high concentrations in air it may smell like ether. It is slightly soluble in water but evaporates quickly if exposed to air. The chemical formula for Trichlorofluoromethane is CFCL3.
化学的特性
Fluorotrichloromethane is a colorless liquid or
gas. Chlorinated solvent odor. The Odor Threshold is
5.0 ppm.
天然物の起源
Trichlorofluoromethane is man-made and its presence in the environment is due to releases from common household and industrial uses. It is extremely stable in the atmosphere and does not degrade naturally. It can also be produced as an industrial by-product wherever chlorine products are used; including small quantities which are formed by reaction of chlorine disinfectants with organic pollutants in water. It is released into the air by leaking refrigeration units and air conditioners and by spray paint, spray varnish, spray cosmetics and other sprays in which it has been used as a propellant. Since 1978 many uses of trichlorofluoromethane as a propellant have been prohibited by law in the U.S. It can still be used as a propellant in some specialized products used in businesses and industries. It may also be found in air emissions and waste waters from a number of industries particularly refrigeration, electronics and foam manufacturing.
使用
Trichlorofluoromethane is a coolant in conditioning systems. It is a bulking agent for polymer foams. It is also used as a degrease solvent for printed circuit boards and to dry clean textiles. It is used as an aerosol propellant in various industries.
定義
ChEBI: A one-carbon compound that is methane in which the hydrogens have been replaced by three chlorine and one fluorine atom.
一般的な説明
A clear light colored liquid. Nearly odorless. Denser than water. Poses low acute health hazard to humans. Primary hazard is to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit spread to the environment. Easily penetrates the soil to contaminate groundwater and nearby waterways.
空気と水の反応
Water soluble. Hydrolyzed slowly.
反応プロフィール
Trichlorofluoromethane is incompatible with alkali or alkaline earth metals, powdered aluminum, zinc and beryllium. Trichlorofluoromethane reacts violently with barium and lithium.
健康ハザード
Breathing concentrations approaching 10% in air will cause dizziness and drowsiness. Contact with tissues may cause frostbite.
火災危険
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Produces irritating and toxic products when heated to decomposition temperatures.
化学反応性
Reactivity with Water: No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reactions; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.
安全性プロファイル
High concentrations
cause narcosis and anesthesia in humans.
Human systemic effects by inhalation:
conjunctiva irritation, fibrosing alveolitis,
and liver changes. Experimental poison by
inhalation. Moderately toxic by
intraDeritoneal route. Reacts violentlv with I aluminum, barium, or lithium. When
heated to decomposition it emits highly
toxic fumes of Fand Cl-. Used as an
aerosol propellant, refrigerant, and blowing
agent for polymeric foams. See also
CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS,
ALIPHATIC; and FLUORIDES.
職業ばく露
This material is used as a refrigerant;
aerosol propellant; and foaming agent; as blowing agent in
production of polyurethane foams.
発がん性
When administered by gavage
to groups of 50 male and 50 female mice at daily doses
of 1962 or 3952mg/kg, 5 days/week for 78 weeks followed
by a 13week observation period, there was no evidence of
carcinogenicity. Also,when given to rats at daily doses
of 488 and 977mg/kg for males and 538 and 1077mg/kg
for females, again for 5 days/week for 78 weeks, but followed
by a 28–33 week observation period, there was no
evidence of carcinogenicity. Maltoni et al. exposed
groups of 90 male and 90 female Sprague–Dawley rats
and groups of 60 male and 60 female Swiss mice by inhalation
to levels of 1000 and 5000 ppm 4 h/day, 5 days/week
for life. The exposures did not produce evidence of
carcinogenicity.
環境運命予測
Biological. In a static-culture-flask screening test, trichlorofluoromethane was statically
incubated in the dark at 25 °C with yeast extract and settled domestic wastewater inoculum. No
significant degradation was observed after 28 d of incubation. At substrate concentrations of 5 and
10 mg/L, percent losses due to volatilization were 58 and 37% after 10 d (Tabak et al., 1981).
Chemical/Physical. When trichlorofluoromethane (50 μg/L) in an ultrasonicator was exposed to
20-kHz ultrasound at 5 °C, nearly 100% degradation was achieved after 6 min. During sonication,
the pH of the aqueous solution decreased, which is consistent with the formation of HCl,
hydrofluoric acid, and acidic species from fluorine and chlorine. In this experiment <5% of
trichlorofluoroethane was lost to volatilization (Cheung and Kurup, 1994).
輸送方法
Hazard Class: 2.2; Labels: 2.2-Nonflammable
compressed gas, Technical Name Required.
不和合性
Chemically active and powdered metals:
aluminum, barium, sodium, potassium, calcium, powdered
aluminum; zinc, magnesium.
廃棄物の処理
Incineration, preferably after
mixing with another combustible fuel. Care must be exer cised to assure complete combustion to prevent the forma tion of phosgene. An acid scrubber is necessary to remove
the halo acids produced. Consult with environmental regu latory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal prac tices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant
(≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations govern ing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal.
トリクロロフルオロメタン 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品