2-アミノエタノール 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
無色～わずかにうすい黄色, 澄明の液体
定義
本品は、次の化学式で表されるアルカノールアミンである。
溶解性
水、エタノール及びアセトンに極めて溶けやすい。
解説
モノエタノールアミン(2-aminoethanol)：C2H7NO(61.08)．HOCH2CH2NH2．コラミンともいう．天然にはケファリンの成分として存在し，セリンの脱炭酸によっても得られる．融点10.5 ℃，沸点171 ℃．1.022．水，メタノール，アセトンに易溶．合成洗剤，乳化剤，化粧品，医薬品，農薬，その他に使用される．LD50 2.1 g/kg(ラット，経口)．
用途
有機合成原料、調製液原料、酸性ガスの吸収剤。
用途
液体シンチレーター用溶媒。
用途
汎用試薬、調製液原料、ｐH調節剤。
用途
本物質の主な用途は、合成洗剤(中和剤としてまた起泡安定剤原料として)、乳化剤、化粧品(クリーム類)、靴墨、つや出し、ワックス、農薬、有機合成(医薬品、農薬、ゴム薬、界面活性剤など)、切削油、潤滑油などの添加剤、防虫添加剤、繊維の柔軟剤原、ガス精製(アンモニア、メタノールなどの合成原料ガスより炭酸ガス、硫化水素の除去)、有機溶剤、PH調節剤、中和剤
用途
有機溶剤、合成洗剤原料
化粧品の成分用途
pH調整剤
効能
界面活性剤
使用上の注意
吸湿性があり、二酸化炭素を吸収する。
説明
Monoethanolamine is contained in many products,
such as metalwork fluids. It is mainly an irritant.
Traces may exist in other ethanolamine fluids.
化学的特性
Monoethanolamine is a clear, colorless or pale yellow-colored, moderately viscous liquid with a mild, ammoniacal odor. Ethanolamines can be detected by odor as low as 2-3 ppm.
物理的性質
Colorless, viscous, hygroscopic liquid with an unpleasant, mild, ammonia-like odor. Odor
threshold concentration is 2.6 ppm (quoted, Amoore and Hautala, 1983). The lowest taste
threshold concentration in potable water at 40 °C was 2.4 mg/L (Alexander et al., 1982).
使用
Monoethanolamine is used as a dispersing agent for agricultural chemicals, in thesynthesis of surface-active agents, as a softening agent for hides, and in emulsifiers,polishes, and hair solutions.
調製方法
Monoethanolamine is prepared commercially by the ammonolysis
of ethylene oxide. The reaction yields a mixture of monoethanolamine,
diethanolamine, and triethanolamine, which is separated to
obtain the pure products. Monoethanolamine is also produced from
the reaction between nitromethane and formaldehyde.
定義
ChEBI: A member of the class of ethanolamines that is ethane with an amino substituent at C-1 and a hydroxy substituent at C-2, making it both a primary amine and a primary alcohol.
一般的な説明
A clear colorless liquid with an odor resembling that of ammonia. Flash point 185°F. May attack copper, brass, and rubber. Corrosive to tissue. Moderately toxic. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion.
空気と水の反応
Water soluble with evolution of heat.
反応プロフィール
Ethanolamine is a base. Reacts with organic acids (acetic acid, acrylic acid), inorganic acids (hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, chlorosulfonic acid), acetic anhydride, acrolein, acrylonitrile, cellulose, epichlorohydrin, mesityl oxide, beta-propiolactone, vinyl acetate. Emits toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides when heated to decomposition [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 1498].
健康ハザード
Monoethanolamine causes severe irritationof the eyes and mild to moderate irritationof the skin. The pure liquid caused rednessand swelling when applied to rabbits’ skin.The acute oral toxicity of this compound waslow in animals. The toxic symptoms includedsomnolence, lethargy, muscle contraction,and respiratory distress. The oral LD50 valuesshowed a wide variation with species.
LD50 value, oral (rabbits): 1000 mg/kg
Monoethanolamine showed reproductive tox icity when administered at a dose of850 mg/kg/day, causing 16% mortality topregnant animals (Environmental HealthResearch and Testing 1987). This study alsoindicated that monoethanolamine reduced thenumber of viable litters but had no effect onlitter size, the birth weight, or percentage sur vival of the pups.
火災危険
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Irritating vapors generated when heated.
応用例（製薬）
Monoethanolamine is used primarily in pharmaceutical formulations
for buffering purposes and in the preparation of emulsions.
Other uses include as a solvent for fats and oils and as a stabilizing
agent in an injectable dextrose solution of phenytoin sodium.
Monoethanolamine is also used to produce a variety of salts with
therapeutic uses. For example, a salt of monoethanolamine with
vitamin C is used for intramuscular injection, while the salicylate
and undecenoate monoethanolamine salts are utilized respectively
in the treatment of rheumatism and as an antifungal agent.
However, the most common therapeutic use of monoethanolamine
is in the production of ethanolamine oleate injection, which is used
as a sclerosing agent.
接触アレルゲン
Monoethanolamine is contained in many products,
such as metalworking fluids. It is mainly an irritant.
Traces may exist in other ethanolamine fluids.
安全性プロファイル
Poison by
intraperitoneal route. Moderately toxic by
ingestion, skin contact, subcutaneous,
intravenous, and intramuscular routes. A
corrosive irritant to skin, eyes, and mucous
membranes. Human mutation data reported.
Flammable when exposed to heat or flame.
A powerful base. Reacts violently with acetic
acid, acetic anhydride, acrolein, acrylic acid,
acrylonitrile, cellulose, chlorosulfonic acid,
epichlorohydrin, HCl, HF, mesityl oxide,
HNO3, oleum, H2SO4, p-propiolactone,
vinyl acetate. To fight fire, use foam, alcohol
foam, dry chemical. When heated to
decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx.
See also AMINES
安全性
Monoethanolamine is an irritant, caustic material, but when it is
used in neutralized parenteral and topical pharmaceutical formulations
it is not usually associated with adverse effects, although
hypersensitivity reactions have been reported. Monoethanolamine
salts are generally regarded as being less toxic than monoethanolamine.
LD
50 (mouse, IP): 0.05 g/kg
LD
50 (mouse, oral): 0.7 g/kg
LD
50 (rabbit, skin): 1.0 g/kg
LD
50 (rat, IM): 1.75 g/kg
LD
50 (rat, IP): 0.07 g/kg
LD
50 (rat, IV): 0.23 g/kg
LD
50 (rat, oral): 1.72 g/kg
LD
50 (rat, SC): 1.5 g/kg
職業ばく露
Monoethanolamine is widely used in
industry for scrubbing acid gases and in production of
detergents and alkanolamide surfactants; to remove carbon dioxide and hydrogen from natural gas, to remove hydrogen
sulfide and carbonyl sulfide; as an alkaline conditioning
agent; as an intermediate for soaps, detergents, dyes, and
textile agents. Diethanolamine is an absorbent for gases; a
solubilizer for 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D); and
a softener and emulsifier intermediate for detergents. It also
finds use in the dye and textile industry. Triethanolamine is
used as plasticizers, neutralizer for alkaline dispersions;
lubricant additive; corrosion inhibitor; and in the manufacture of soaps, detergents, shampoos, shaving preparations;
face and hand creams; cements, cutting oils, insecticides,
surface active agents; waxes, polishes, and herbicides.
環境運命予測
Biological. Bridié et al. (1979) reported BOD and COD values of 0.93 and 1.28 g/g using
filtered effluent from a biological sanitary waste treatment plant. These values were determined
using a standard dilution method at 20 °C for a period of 5 d. Similarly, Heukelekian and Rand
(1955) reported a 5-d BOD value of 0.85 g/g which is 65.0% of the ThOD value of 1.31 g/g.
Chemical/Physical. Aqueous chlorination of ethanolamine at high pH produced Nchloroethanolamine,
which slowly degraded to unidentified products (Antelo et al., 1981).
At an influent concentration of 1,012 mg/L, treatment with GAC resulted in an effluent
concentration of 939 mg/L. The adsorbability of the carbon used was 15 mg/g carbon (Guisti et
al., 1974).
貯蔵
Monoethanolamine is very hygroscopic and is unstable when
exposed to light. Aqueous monoethanolamine solutions may be
sterilized by autoclaving.
When monoethanolamine is stored in large quantities, stainless
steel is preferable for long-term storage. Copper, copper alloys, zinc,
and galvanized iron are corroded by amines and should not be used
for construction of storage containers. Ethanolamines readily
absorb moisture and carbon dioxide from the air; they also react
with carbon dioxide. This can be prevented by sealing the
monoethanolamine under an inert gas. Smaller quantities of
monoethanolamine should be stored in an airtight container,
protected from light, in a cool, dry place.
輸送方法
UN2491 Ethanol
amine or Ethanolamine solutions, Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material.
不和合性
Monoethanolamine contains both a hydroxy group and a primary
amine group and will thus undergo reactions characteristic of both
alcohols and amines. Ethanolamines will react with acids to form
salts and esters. Discoloration and precipitation will take place in the presence of salts of heavy metals. Monoethanolamine reacts
with acids, acid anhydrides, acid chlorides, and esters to form amide
derivatives, and with propylene carbonate or other cyclic carbonates
to give the corresponding carbonates.
As a primary amine, monoethanolamine will react with
aldehydes and ketones to yield aldimines and ketimines. Additionally,
monoethanolamine will react with aluminum, copper, and
copper alloys to form complex salts. A violent reaction will occur
with acrolein, acrylonitrile, epichlorohydrin, propiolactone, and
vinyl acetate.
廃棄物の処理
Controlled incineration; incinerator equipped with a scrubber or thermal unit to reduce
nitrogen oxides emissions
規制状況(Regulatory Status)
Included in parenteral and nonparenteral medicines licensed in the
UK and USA. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Nonmedicinal
Ingredients.
2-アミノエタノール 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品