2-オキソグルタル酸 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
白色〜わずかにうすい黄色, 結晶〜結晶性粉末
定義
本品は、次の化学式で表される有機化合物である。
溶解性
水, 酢酸エチル, エーテルに可溶。水及びエタノールに溶けやすく、ジエチルエーテルにやや溶けにくい。
解説
ケトグルタル酸 2-oxopentanedioic acid 2-ケトグルタル酸，α-ケトグルタル酸ともいう．オキサロコハク酸エチルの塩酸による加水分解，および脱炭酸によって得られる．また，α-ケトグルタル酸発酵によって糖類，とくにグルコースから50～60％ の収率で得られる．無色の結晶．融点113 ℃．水，酢酸エチル，エーテルに可溶．α-ケトグルタル酸は，生物の代謝反応における重要な物質である．
用途
GPT及びGOT測定基質。
化粧品の成分用途
pH調整剤、香料、消臭剤
説明
2-Ketoglutaric acid also known as α-Ketoglutaric acid (AKG) is a chemical found in the body. It is a ketone derivative of the organic compound glutaric acid. It is important for the proper metabolism of all essential amino acids and the transfer of cellular energy in the citric acid or Krebs cycle. In combination with L-glutamate, AKG can reduce levels of ammonia formed in the brain, muscles, and kidneys, as well as help balance the body’s nitrogen chemistry and prevent nitrogen excess in body tissues and fluids.
α-Ketoglutaric acid is used for kidney disease; intestinal and stomach disorders, including bacterial infections; liver problems; cataracts; and recurring yeast infections. It is also used for improving the way kidney patients receiving hemodialysis treatments process protein.
化学的特性
2-Ketoglutaric acid is a white to yellowish crystalline powder. It is easily soluble in water, alcohol, and extremely insoluble in ether. It becomes light gray-yellow when stored for a long time, and is easy to deliquescence.
使用
2-Ketoglutaric acid has a wide range of applications in the animal feed, food, pharmaceutical and fine chemistry industries. It is used as an intermediate in the kreb's cycle catalyzed by glutamate dehydrogenase enzyme on glutamate. It is also used in dietary supplements to improve protein synthesis.
製造方法
Synthesis of α-ketoglutaric acid: 225 g of triethyl nitrilotricarboxylate and 600 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid were mixed and left to pass through. It was concentrated by distillation to 140°C, and the residue was crystallized by cooling to obtain 110-112 g of α-ketoglutaric acid with a yield of 92-93%.
定義
ChEBI: 2-oxoglutaric acid is an oxo dicarboxylic acid that consists of glutaric acid bearing an oxo substituent at position 2. It is an intermediate metabolite in Krebs cycle. It has a role as a fundamental metabolite. It derives from a glutaric acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 2-oxoglutarate(1-).
主な応用
2-Ketoglutaric acid is a derivative of glutaric acid. It plays an important role in the metabolism of microbial cells and It acts as precursor for the synthesis of amino acids and nucleotides. α-ketoglutaric acid along with L-arginine can undergo reduction with sodium cyanoborohydride to form the diastereomers, nopaline and isonopaline. α-ketoglutaric acid can be prepared in 1:1 and 2:1 L-arginine alpha-ketoglutarate for sports nutrition. mainly as an ingredient in sports nutrition drinks.
生物活性
けとぐるたるさん
ケト酸の一つで、オキソグルタル酸ともいう。α(アルファ)-ケト（2-オキソ）グルタル酸とβ(ベータ)-ケト（3-オキソ）グルタル酸があるが、生体中に存在するのはα-ケトグルタル酸である。生物体内ではTCA回路の重要な一員である。NADを補酵素として要求するイソクエン酸デヒドロゲナーゼにより、イソクエン酸から生成され、次にα-ケトグルタル酸デヒドロゲナーゼによりスクシニル補酵素Aへと酸化される。また、グルタミン酸の酸化的脱アミノによっても生成され、アミノ基転移のアミノ基受容体となる。グルタミン酸、グルタミン、アルギニン、ヒスチジン、プロリンの炭素骨格は、α-ケトグルタル酸を経てTCA回路に入るなど、アミノ酸代謝においても重要な位置を占める。
一般的な説明
2-Ketoglutaric acid is a 2-oxocarboxylic acid (2-OCA), one of the important intermediates in the Krebs cycle, after isocitrate and before succinyl CoA. It is an important nitrogen transporter and is transaminate along with glutamine to form glutamate. It can be used to differentiate microorganisms based on metabolic properties. It also possesses metabolic properties, decreasing the level of hydrogen peroxide in cell culture.
生物学的応用
a-Ketoglutaric acid is an intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the main compound of amino acid and protein metabolism. This organic acid could be used as building-block chemical for the chemical synthesis of heterocycles, dietary supplement, component of infusion solutions, and wound healing compounds (Otto et al. 2013).
純化方法
Crystallise the keto-acid repeatedly from Me2CO/*benzene, EtOAc or ethyl propionate. Dry it in vacuo.[Beilstein 3 IV 1813.]
2-オキソグルタル酸 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品