次亜塩素酸ナトリウム 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
無～淡緑黄色の液体
性質
化学式NaClO。次亜塩素酸HClOのナトリウム塩。無水和物はきわめて不安定で爆発，分解しやすい。1,2.5,5,6(または7)水和物が知られ，いずれも緑黄色の結晶で，潮解性。融点はそれぞれ，75～78℃，58℃，27℃，18～21℃。水溶液は淡黄色で塩素と異なる特有の刺激性不快臭(さらし粉様の臭気)をもつ。保存中に徐々に分解して酸素を発生する。このため強い酸化作用を示す。塩化ナトリウム水溶液を隔膜を用いないで電解して製するか，水酸化ナトリウムの冷水溶液に塩素を通じ副生する塩化ナトリウムを晶出させて除いた液を冷却して，5水和物として晶出させる。
溶解性
水及びエタノールと任意の割合で混和する。
解説
NaOCl(74.44)のIUPACが受け入れる慣用名．付加方式体系名はクロリド酸素酸(1－)ナトリウム．無水物と，一～七水和物(五水和物はとくに安定)が得られている．実用的には，多くの場合，水溶液のまま用いられる．水溶液は，昔，フランスで繊維の漂白に用いられ，K塩とともにジャヴェル水(Javelle water)とよばれた．また，3～6％ の水溶液は，アンチホルミンともよばれる．水溶液はNaOHと Cl2 との反応で得られ，濃厚溶液からは五水和物が析出する．これを低温で減圧乾燥すると無水物が得られる．無水物は黄緑色の粉末で，爆発性があり不安定である．五水和物は，緑黄色の斜方晶系固体．融点約25 ℃．室温でも徐々に分解する．酸化力が強い．水溶液は漂白剤(繊維，パルプなど)，殺菌剤(水道水，プールの水など)，医療用などに使用される．[CAS 7681-52-9]
森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）
用途
繊維?パルプの漂白,水処理,医薬,食品添加物,殺菌剤(失効農薬)
用途
漂白剤等としての食品添加物。
用途
塩素標準液、無機及び有機合成原料、酸化剤、漂白剤、殺菌剤等。
効能
殺菌消毒薬
商品名
アンチホルミン (日本歯科薬品); キャナルクリーナー (ビーブランド・メディコーデンタル); テキサント (シオエ製薬); ネオクリーナー (ネオ製薬工業); ハイポライト (サンケミファ); ヤクラックス (ヤクハン製薬); ヤクラックス (ヤクハン製薬); ヤクラックス (ヤクハン製薬); ヤクラックス (ヤクハン製薬); ヤクラックス (ヤクハン製薬); 次亜塩 (吉田製薬); 次亜塩 (吉田製薬); 次亜塩 (吉田製薬); 次亜塩 (吉田製薬); 次亜塩 (吉田製薬)
使用上の注意
酸と混合すると塩素を発生する。異なる容器に移し替えた場合はその容器を密栓しないこと。保存中内圧がかかって破裂することがある。当社製品そのままの容器では安全である。
化学的特性
Sodium hypochlorite, NaOCl, is an air-unstable,pale green crystalline solid that is soluble in cold water, decomposes in hot water, and has a sweet aroma. It generally is available in one of two strengths. The household liquid bleach contains about 5.25 wt% NaCIO. The commercial product(sometimes called 15% bleach) contains 150g/L available chlorine. This is equivalent to about 13 wt% sodium hypochlorite. Sodium hypochlorite is used as a bleaching agent for paper pulp and textiles, as an oxidizing reagent, as a disinfectant, as a chemical intermediate,and in medicines.
The hypochlorite ion (OCI-) is similar to wet chlorine gas in its effects on materials. Not many metals exhibit good resistance even at low temperatures and concentrations. Because hypochlorite solutions are unstable at neutral and lower pHs,they normally contain excess alkali,which modifies the aggressiveness somewhat.
物理的性質
Anhydrous sodium hypochlorite explodes; the pentahydrate is a pale-green crystalline solid; orthorhombic structure; density 1.6 g/cm
3; melts at 18°C; decomposed by CO2 in the air; soluble in water, 29.3 g/100 mL at 0°C; the aqueous solution is highly stable.
来歴
Sodium hypochlorite exists as an aqueous solution from 5 15% NaOCl and is commonly called bleach. Household bleach is typically a 5.25% solution, and industrial bleach is sold as a 12% solution. When sodium hypochlorite is used in this entry, it is assumed to be the aqueous solution, which is clear, slightly yellow, corrosive, and has a distinctive chlorine smell. Chorine gas was discovered by Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1742 1786) in 1774 and known initially as depholgisticated salt spirit. In 1787, the French chemist Claude Louis Berthollet (1749 1822) experimented with aqueous solution of chlorine gas as bleaching agents. Based on Berthollet's work, the Javel Company located on the outskirts of Paris began to produce bleaches in 1788. Chlorine gas was dissolved in a solution of soda potash (potassium carbonate) to obtain a product called liqueur de Javel, which was potassium hypochlorite. Potash treated with chlorine gas was also used to produce bleaching powders. In 1820, Antoine Germaine Labarraque (1777 1850), an apothecary, substituted cheaper soda ash (sodium carbonate) for potash to produce Eau de Labarraque or Labarraque solution, which was sodium hypochlorite. Eau de Labarraque was used as a disinfectant and to bleach paper. Bleaching powders, borax, lye, and blueing were used as bleaches throughout the 19th century.
Sodium hypochlorite is the primary hypochlorite used as a bleach and disinfectant,
accounting for 83% of world hypochlorite use, with calcium hypochlorite accounting for
the remaining 17%. Approximately 1 million tons of sodium hypochlorite was used globally
in 2005, with about half this amount used in households for laundry bleaching and
disinfection. The other half was used primarily for wastewater and drinking water treatment;
other uses include pool sanitation, bleaching of pulp, paper, and textiles, and as an industrial
chemical.
使用
Sodium hypochlorite is marketed only as an aqueous solution because
the anhydrous solid is highly unstable and can explode. The solid pentahydrate also is unstable in air, decomposed by reaction with carbon dioxide from
air. Aqueous solutions are very stable. They are used for bleaching textiles
and paper pulp; in cleaning solutions; in water purification; as a disinfectant
for swimming pools; and as a germicide and topical antiinfective. The
hypochlorite also is used as an oxidizing agent in many preparative reactions.
It is an ingredient of commercial bleaching products such as Clorox and
Dazzle.
製造方法
Sodium hypochlorite solution is obtained by passing chlorine into
sodium hydroxide solution. The pentahydrate is obtained by crystallization.
定義
ChEBI: An inorganic sodium salt in which hypochlorite is the counterion.
一般的な説明
Green to yellow watery liquid with an odor of bleaching liquid odor. Sinks and mixes with water.
空気と水の反応
Water soluble. Decomposes into chlorine and oxygen gases in hot water.
反応プロフィール
Salts of hypochlorous acid, HClO. Generally toxic, irritants and powerful oxidizers, particularly in the presence of water at higher temperature as they decompose to release oxygen and chlorine gases. On contact with urea they form the highly explosive NCl3 . When heated or on contact with acids, they produce highly toxic fumes of chlorine gas [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 1905]. Can react with sulfuric acid to produce heat and chlorine gas.
危険性
Fire risk in contact with organic materials.
Toxic by ingestion, strong irritant to tissue.
健康ハザード
Liquid can be irritating to skin and eyes if contact is maintained.
火災危険
Behavior in Fire: May decompose, generating irritating chlorine gas.
副作用
Sodium hypochlorite, commonly known as bleach, may be used as a disinfectant solution. It is a strong irritant; however, isolated reports of CoU to sodium hypochlorite exist. The mechanism for the Cou is uncertain.
Hostynek et al. describe a 36-year-old woman who developed an intensely pruritic maculopapular rash to a hypochlorite-containing cleaning product that she spilled on her leg. The rash progressed to involve her trunk and extremities and was associated with teary eyes, dyspnea, and facial edema. There was a history of a previous sensitizing event, and open testing to 1% sodium hypochlorite produced an immediate urticarial reaction. The authors suggest that this could be due to an immunological mechanism given the generalized symptoms; however, no confirmatory testing was performed and the potential of sodium hypochlorite to cause nonimmunologic Cou was evident with four of 10 controls experiencing a wheal-and-flare reaction to open application of 6% sodium hypochlorite.
Caliskan et al. described a 32-year-old female who developed severe lip edema and breathing difficulty after using a sodium hypochlorite irrigation during endodontic treatment. A scratch test to sodium hypochlorite resulted in immediate erythema and edema that began to extend up the patient’s arm. She also had a history of breathing difficulties and had developed dermatitis from her hands to elbows with the use of household cleaning agents.
Neering reported on a patient who had experienced intermittent Cou to chlorinated pools and contact with a cleansing agent containing sodium hypochlorite. A scratch test to chlorinated water was strongly positive in this patient, but negative in five controls, and closed patch testing to sodium hypochlorite was strongly positive at three hours.
安全性プロファイル
Mddly toxic by ingestion. Human systemic effects by ingestion: somnolence, blood pressure lowering, corrosive to skin, nausea or vomiting. Human mutation data reported. An eye irritant. Corrosive and irritating by ingestion and inhalation. The anhydrous salt is highly explosive and sensitive to heat or friction. Explosive reaction with formic acid (at So), phenylacetonitrile. Reacts to form explosive products with amines, ammonium salts (e.g., ammonium acetate, (NH4)2CO3, ammonium nitrate, ammonium oxalate, (NH4)3P04), aziridme, methanol. Violent reaction with phenyl acetonitrile, cellulose, ethyleneimine. Solutions in water are storage hazards due to oxygen evolution. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NaaO and Cl-. Used as a bleach.
次亜塩素酸ナトリウム 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品
2-オキソ-3,3-ジメチルブタン酸
4-CHLORO-1H-PYRAZOLE-3-CARBOXYLIC ACID
3-クロロ-6-ニトロ-1H-インダゾール
chlorinated sodium phosphate
アントラニル酸エチル
3-クロロ-1H-インダゾール-6-アミン
ミツイサルファーグリーン4G
4,6-DIMETHYL-PYRIMIDINE-2-SULFONYL FLUORIDE
1-アミノ-2,4-ジブロモアントラセン-9,10-ジオン
4-クロロイミダゾール
2-モルホリノエタンスルホン酸
1,3-ジクロロ-5,5-ジメチルヒダントイン
Magentagreencrystals
Direct Fast Yellow RR
ベンゾ[cd]インドール-2(1H)-オン
2,5-ジクロロ-3-ピリジンカルボン酸
2',2'''-[アゾビス(4,1-フェニレン)]ビス(6-メチル-2,6'-ビベンゾチアゾール-7-スルホン酸ナトリウム)
5-CHLOROPYRIDIN-2(1H)-ONE
塩化ルテニウム(III)
1-Chlorobenzotrizole
4-METHYL-PYRIMIDINE-2-SULFONYL FLUORIDE
2-(モルホリノチオ)ベンゾチアゾール
アトラジン
MEQUINDOX
3,3-ジメチルグルタル酸
3-メチル-2-テノイルクロリド
トリヨードメタン
4-CHLORO-3-METHYL-1H-PYRAZOLE
8-ヒドロキシ-7-ヨードキノリン-5-スルホン酸
2-CHLOROSULFONYL-PYRIDINIUM, CHLORIDE
3-[(9,10-ジヒドロ-9,10-ジオキソアントラセン-1-イル)アミノ]アントラ[2,1,9-mna]ナフト[2,3-h]アクリジン-5,10,15(16H)-トリオン
C.I.Vat Red 29
3,5-ジクロロ-2-ピリドン
5-METHYL-PYRIMIDINE-2-SULFONYL FLUORIDE
1-ピレンカルボン酸
1,3-ジブロモ-5,5-ジメチルヒダントイン
C.I.バットオレンジ11:1
3,5,6-TRICHLORO-PYRIDINE-2-CARBOXYLIC ACID
N-シクロヘキシル-2-ベンゾチアゾリルスルフェンアミド
バットブラウン44