サフラワ-油 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
無色～うすい黄色、澄明の液体
定義
本品は、ベニバナ Carthamus tinctoriusの種子から得られる油状の液体であり、主にリノール酸のトリグリセリドからなる。
溶解性
アセトンに溶け、水及びエタノールにほとんど溶けない。
解説
サフラワー油，キク科の植物ベニバナの種子から圧搾抽出法によって得る乾性油（あるいは半乾性油）。けん化価185～195、ヨウ素価120～150。べにばな油ともいう。含油量15～35％。40～80％以上のリノール酸を含み、オレイン酸を含有するが、リノレン酸の含有量は微小である。飽和脂肪酸の含有量は20％以下程度。サラダ油、てんぷら油に使用される。以上の脂肪酸のうち、リノール酸、リノレン酸などは、ヒトを含めた動物が合成することのできない必須脂肪酸(ひっすしぼうさん)であり、ぜひ摂取しなければならない栄養素である。オレイン酸は飽和脂肪酸の約100倍、リノール酸はオレイン酸の10倍あるいは20～40倍、リノレン酸はリノール酸の2倍、自動酸化されやすい。そのためリノール酸以上のポリ不飽和脂肪酸は、脂肪油の酸敗の主成分として働く。脂肪油の自動酸化で生じた過酸化脂質は、老化、生活習慣病（成人病）の原因物質といわれ、健康によくない。しかしこのポリ不飽和脂肪酸を、ビタミンB6およびビタミンE（いずれも生体内で抗酸化剤として働く）とともに摂取すれば、血清コレステリン値は低下し健康によい。ただし前述のように自動酸化されやすいので、新鮮なものをとる必要がある。
化粧品の成分用途
閉塞剤、酸化防止剤、香料
化学的特性
Refined safflower oil is a clear, viscous, yellow to pale-yellow liquid,
with a slight vegetable odor.
天然物の起源
Saffl ower is found in the Mediterranean, Europe, and the United States.
使用
safflower oil (Carthamus tinctorius) is a carrier oil also considered hydrating to the skin. It consists primarily of linoleic acid triglycerides. Safflower oil is a non-comedogenic raw material obtained from the plant’s seeds.
調製方法
Refined safflower oil is the fatty oil obtained from the seeds of
Carthamus tinctorius L. (type I) or from seeds of hybrids of
Carthamus tinctorius L. (type II) by expression and/or extraction followed by refining. Type II refined safflower oil is rich in oleic (cis-
9-octadecenoic) acid. It may contain a suitable antioxidant.
Safflower oil USP 32 is the refined fixed oil yielded by the seed of
Carthamus tinctorius Linne′ (Fam. Compositae).
定義
Drying oil from safflower
(carthamus) seed, somewhat similar to linseed oil. It
is nonyellowing. Contains 78% linoleic acid (unsat-
urated fatty acid).
一般的な説明
Pale yellow oily liquid with a weak odor.
空気と水の反応
Insoluble in water.
反応プロフィール
Safflower oil react with acids to liberate heat. Heat is also generated by interaction with caustic solutions. Strong oxidizing acids may cause a vigorous reaction that is sufficiently exothermic to ignite the reaction products. Flammable hydrogen is generated by mixing with alkali metals and hydrides. React slowly with oxygen in the air to thicken and become rancid.
健康ハザード
Oil is essentially nontoxic. Contact with eyes can cause mild irritation.
火災危険
Flash point data for Safflower oil are not available; however, Safflower oil is probably combustible.
応用例（製薬）
Safflower oil is mainly used as an oleaginous vehicle in oral and
topical formulations. It is also used as a component of parenteral fat
emulsions for the preparation of parenteral nutrition solutions.
Safflower oil has been used as a vehicle in the development of an
oral dosage form containing a novel viral-specific inhibitor of the
replication of human rhinoviruses. It has also been used as a
solvent for a capsule formulation containing a new antilipemic
agent; formulations containing safflower oil were found to have the
greatest bioavailability in dogs compared with formulations
containing PEG 300 or water.
A topical lotion containing 3% safflower oil is commercially
available, and parenteral fat emulsions containing a mixture of
safflower oil 5% and soya oil 5%, or 10% and 10%, respectively,
have been administered as part of total parenteral nutrition regimes.
Safflower oil is used as a food, being consumed in the form of
soft margarine, salad oils, and cooking oils. It is also used in
cosmetics products such as soaps, lotions, creams, and hair-care
preparations.
安全性
Safflower oil is an edible oil and generally presents no significant
health hazards following eye contact, skin contact, oral ingestion, or
inhalation. Skin irritation or allergic reactions, or eye irritation may
occur. Ingestion of large doses can cause vomiting. Safflower oil
may cause diarrhea.
LD50 (mouse, IP): >50 g/kg
貯蔵
Safflower oil thickens and becomes rancid on prolonged exposure
to air. It is also sensitive to light. Safflower oil should be preserved in
tight, light-resistant containers. Refined safflower oil should be
stored in a well-filled, airtight container, protected from light.
Parenteral fat emulsions containing safflower oil are destabilized
by electrolytes; severe droplet coalescence in the emulsion occurs
3–5 days after the addition of 10% v/v dimethyl sulfoxide, and after
10 days if 5% v/v is added. Parenteral fat emulsions are prone to
bacterial and fungal growth. Generally, fat emulsions containing
safflower oil or soybean oil show similar growth patterns, although growth of Candida albicans has been reported to be higher
in safflower oil containing fat emulsions than in other types of
emulsion.
不和合性
Safflower oil is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
規制状況(Regulatory Status)
Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (topical lotion).
Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal
Ingredients. Included in an intravenous fat emulsion (Liposyn II)
available in the USA. Included in a capsule formulation available in
Canada and in a non-medicinal capsule formulation previously
available in the UK. It is also a component of a Canadian enteral
nutrition preparation.
サフラワ-油 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品