1,4-ジニトロベンゼン 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
うすい黄色～褐色粉末～結晶
化学的特性
light yellow powder
物理的性質
Clear, colorless to white crystalline solid or monoclinic crystals. Slowly turns yellow on exposure
to air.
使用
1,4-Dinitrobenzene is used in a study to evaluate the ionization mechanism and solvent effect by novel atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry in negative ion mode for analysis of some compounds. 1,4-Dinitrobenzene can be used in synthesis of dyes and dye intermediates.
定義
ChEBI: A dinitrobenzene carrying nitro groups at positions 1 and 4.
一般的な説明
Colorless to yellow solid. Sinks and mixes slowly with water.
空気と水の反応
Slowly mixes with water.
反応プロフィール
All three isomers have similar properties and may react vigorously with oxidizing materials. Their reaction with nitric acid (nitration) will lead to a mixture of trinitrobenzenes possessing high-explosive properties [Urbanski, 1967, vol. 3, p. 290]. If heat and reaction conditions of the nitration are not controlled, detonation comparable to TNT may occur [Anon., J. R. Inst. Chem., 1960, 84, p. 451]. Mixture of 1,3-dinitrobenzene with tetranitromethane was found highly explosive [Urbanski, 1964, vol. 1, 592]. 1,2-dinitrobenzene is a severe explosion hazard when shocked or exposed to heat or flame. When heated to decomposition all dinitrobenzens emit toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 1374].
健康ハザード
INHALATION OR INGESTION: Headache, vertigo, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, rapid weak pulse, decreased blood pressure, cyanosis, exhaustion, hepatomegaly, jaundice, albuminurea, hematuria, visual scotomata, amblyopia and nystagmus. EYES: Irritation. SKIN: Stains skin yellow; if skin contact is prolonged, can be absorbed into blood causing same symptoms as for inhalation.
安全性プロファイル
Suspected carcinogen.
Poison by ingestion. Mutation data reported.
Mxture with nitric acid is a high explosive.
When heated to decomposition it emits
toxic fumes of NOx. See also 0and mDINITROBENZENE
環境運命予測
Biological. In activated sludge inoculum, following a 20-d adaptation period, no biodegradation
was observed (Pitter, 1976).
Photolytic. Low et al. (1991) reported that the nitro-containing compounds (e.g., 2,4-
dinitrophenol) undergo degradation by UV light in the presence of titanium dioxide yielding
ammonium, carbonate, and nitrate ions. By analogy, 1,4-dinitrobenzene should degrade forming
identical ions.
Chemical/Physical. Releases toxic nitrogen oxides when heated to decomposition (Sax and
Lewis, 1987). 1,4-Dinitrobenzene will not hydrolyze in water (Kollig, 1993).
純化方法
Crystallise 1,4-dinitrobenzene from EtOH or EtOAc. Dry it under vacuum over P2O5. It can be sublimed in a vacuum. [Beilstein 5 IV 741.]
1,4-ジニトロベンゼン 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品