酸化亜鉛 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
白色の粉末
定義
本品は、直鎖状のモノメチルポリシロキサンであり、次の化学式で表される。
溶解性
水, エタノールに不溶。酸, アルカリに可溶。水及びエタノール(99.5)にほとんど溶けない。希塩酸,希硫酸,希酢酸及び水酸化ナトリウム溶液に溶ける。
解説
酸化亜鉛，酸素と亜鉛の化合物。工業薬品、医薬品、顔料などとしては亜鉛華、亜鉛白などということが多い。天然には紅亜鉛鉱として産する。
森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）
用途
塗料?印刷インキ?化粧品原料、医薬、ゴム加硫促進剤、陶磁器?ガラス原料、洗剤等、合成樹脂、繊維用添加剤、その他無機化学製品、色素(塗料、顔料)、紙用添加剤、その他添加剤、その他電子材料等製品、触媒、メッキ剤
用途
原料(医薬、化粧品、塗料、顔料、触媒等)、亜鉛塩製造原料、メッキ材料。
用途
ゴム用補強剤、顔料
用途
一般分析用、原料(医薬、化粧品、蛍光体、ガスセンサー)。
製法
シュウ酸亜鉛ZnC2O4を400℃で熱分解するか、塩基性炭酸亜鉛ZnCO3・3Zn(OH)2を熱分解させてつくる。工業的には金属亜鉛を燃焼させてつくる。
化粧品の成分用途
閉塞剤、表面改質剤、口腔ケア剤、皮膚保護剤、殺菌剤、増量剤、着色剤、紫外線吸収剤.散乱剤
効能
収斂薬, 皮膚保護薬
主な用途／役割
エポキシ樹脂系接着剤、ゴム系接着剤に使用される。
商品名
亜鉛華 (シオエ製薬); 亜鉛華 (マイラン製薬); 亜鉛華 (マイラン製薬); 亜鉛華 (吉田製薬); 亜鉛華 (小堺製薬); 亜鉛華 (日医工); 亜鉛華 (日本ジェネリック); 亜鉛華 (日興製薬); 亜鉛華 (日興製薬); 亜鉛華 (東洋製薬化成); 亜鉛華 (東洋製薬化成); 亜鉛華 (東豊薬品); 亜鉛華軟膏 (小堺製薬); 酸化亜鉛 (三恵薬品); 酸化亜鉛 (丸石製薬); 酸化亜鉛 (健栄製薬); 酸化亜鉛 (司生堂製薬); 酸化亜鉛 (吉田製薬); 酸化亜鉛 (小堺製薬); 酸化亜鉛 (小堺製薬); 酸化亜鉛 (山善製薬); 酸化亜鉛 (日医工); 酸化亜鉛 (日興製薬); 酸化亜鉛 (日興製薬)
使用上の注意
アルゴン封入
化学的特性
Zinc oxide is an amorphous, white or
yellowish-white powder. It is a fine white powder that becomes yellow at temperatures above 3000℃. It is an amphoteric oxide that reacts with acids and dissolves in alkaline solution with formation of zincates. Its density and oil absorption value are 5.6 g/cm
3 and 10-25 g oil/100 g ZnO, respectively.
物理的性質
White or yellowish-white powder; odorless; bitter taste; hexagonal crystal; refractive index 2.008; density 5.606 g/cm
3; melts at 1,975°C; practically insoluble in water, 1.6 mg/L at about 30°C; soluble in dilute acids, ammonia solu 990 tion, and alkali hydroxides.
使用
zinc oxide has been used to protect, soothe, and heal the skin. Zinc oxide provides an excellent barrier to the sun and other irritants. It is somewhat astringent, anti-septic, and anti-bacterial. When used in sunscreen preparations, it provides both uVA and uVB protection, and can contribute to and/or increase SPF. At the appropriate particle size, zinc oxide is transparent in the visible light spectrum but opaque in the uVC ranges, thereby avoiding a whitening effect when incorporated into sunscreen preparations. Zinc oxide is included on the FDA’s list of approved sunscreen chemicals. It demonstrates an impressive synergistic effect when combined with organic sunscreens. Zinc oxide is also used when a white color is desired for a product. It is obtained from zinc ore, a commonly found mineral, and is relatively non-allergenic.
定義
zinc oxide: A powder, white whencold and yellow when hot, ZnO; r.d.5.606; m.p. 1975°C. It occurs naturallyas a reddish orange ore zincite,and can also be made by oxidizinghot zinc in air. It is amphoteric,forming zincates with bases. It isused as a pigment (Chinese white) and a mild antiseptic in zinc ointments.An archaic name is philosopher’swool.
製造方法
Zinc oxide is obtained as an intermediate in recovering zinc from minerals (See Zinc, Recovery). The oxide is prepared by vaporizing zinc metal and oxidation of the zinc vapors with preheated air (French process). The oxide can be produced by other processes. Another method involves roasting franklinite and other ores with coal and then oxidizing the product in air.
主な応用
ZnO is used primarily for its anti-bacterial and fungicidal properties. Also, in the United States, ZnO is regarded as a Category I skin protectant and a Category III sunscreen.
一般的な説明
Crude zinc oxide is a yellow-gray granular solid with no odor. Zinc oxide has a specific gravity of 4.4. Zinc oxide is insoluble in water. The primary hazard is the threat posed to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. Prolonged inhalation of the dust may result in metal fume fever with symptoms of chills, fever, muscular pain, nausea and vomiting.
空気と水の反応
Slowly decomposed(hydrolyzed) in water. Insoluble in water.
反応プロフィール
ZINC OXIDE is insoluble in water. What little solubility Zinc oxide has yields aqueous solutions that are neutral in pH. Intimate mixtures of zinc oxide and chlorinated rubber with or without hydrocarbons or chlorinated solvent react violently, even explosively upon heating [Chem. Trade J., 1962, 151, 672]. Slow addition of zinc oxide to cover the surface of linseed oil varnish caused generation of heat and ignition, [Chem. Trade J., 1933, 92, 278].
危険性
Exposure to zinc oxide fumes from welding and other operations can cause metal fume fever. Its symptoms are chills, fever, cough, and tightness in the chest.
健康ハザード
Exposures to zinc oxide metal fume cause several health disorders. The symptoms of toxicity include, but are not limited to, fever, chills, muscle ache, nausea, fever, dry throat, cough; lassitude (weakness, exhaustion), metallic taste, headache, blurred vision, low back pain, vomiting, malaise (vague feeling of discomfort), chest tightness, dyspnea (breathing diffi culty) and decreased pulmonary function. The overexposure to zinc oxide fumes in workplaces produce symptoms known as metal fume fever or “zinc shakes”; an acute, selflimiting condition. Chronic exposure to zinc oxide may cause respiratory tract irritation with nasopharyngitis and laryngitis.
火災危険
Some may burn but none ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Some may be transported hot.
农业用途
Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a zinc fertilizer. It is a white powder
when cold and yellow when hot, and contains
approximately 78% zinc.
Zinc oxide occurs in nature as a reddish-orange colored zincite, and is made by oxidizing hot zinc in air.
It is an amphoteric oxide forming zincates, by reacting
with bases and zinc salts with acids. It is used as a white
pigment and as a mild antiseptic in ointments. An archaic
name of zinc oxide is philosopher's wool.
Foliar applications with zinc oxide reduce the foliage
damage. Zinc oxide, applied by way of seed coatings,
root dips or tree injections, corrects the zinc deficiency.
Dipping potato seeds in 2% zinc oxide suspension
overcomes zinc deficiency satisfactorily. A similar
method is used for pre-plant dipping of the roots of rice
seedlings.
応用例（製薬）
The pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries use ZnO in powders and ointments because of its bactericidal properties. It is also used to form dental cements by its reaction with eugenol.
Zinc oxide is used as a raw material for many products: stearates, phosphates, chromates, bromates, organic dithiophosphates, and ferrites (ZnO, MnO, Fe2O3). It is used as a source of zinc in animal feeds and in electrogalvanization . It is also used for desulfurizing gases.
工業用途
Zinc oxide has many uses. By far the most important is in the rubber industry. Almost half the world’s ZnO is used as an activator for vulcanization accelerators in natural and synthetic rubber. The reactivity of the ZnO is a function of its specific surface area, but is also influenced by the presence of impurities such as lead and sulfates. The ZnO also ensures good durability of the vulcanized rubber, and increases its thermal conductivity. The ZnO content is usually 2–5%.
In paints and coatings, zinc oxide is no longer the principal white pigment, although its superb white color is used by artists. It is used as an additive in exterior paints for wood preservation. It is also utilized in antifouling and anticorrosion paints [2.82]. It improves film formation, durability, and resistance to mildew (having a synergistic effect with other fungicides) because it reacts with acidic products of oxidation and can absorb UV radiation.
In the field of glass, ceramics, and enamels, ZnO is used for its ability to reduce thermal expansion, to lower the melting point, and to increase chemical resistance. It can also be used to modify gloss or to improve opacity.
材料の用途
The highest purity material is calcined with additives such as Bi2O3 and used in the manufacture of varistors. The photoconducting properties of ZnO are used in photoreproduction processes. Doping with alumina causes a reduction in electrical resistance; hence, it can be used in the coatings on the master papers for offset reproduction.
Zinc oxide is used as a catalyst in organic syntheses (e.g., of methanol), often in conjunction with other oxides. It is present in some adhesive compositions.
安全性プロファイル
Moderately toxic to
humans by ingestion. Poison experimentally
by intraperitoneal route. An experimental
teratogen. Other experimental reproductive
effects. Human systemic effects by
inhalation of freshly formed fumes: metal
fume fever with chills, fever, tightness of
chest, cough, dyspnea, and other pulmonary
changes. Mutation data reported. A s h and
eye irritant. Has exploded when mixed with
chlorinated rubber. Violent reaction with Mg, linseed oil. When heated to
decomposition it emits toxic fumes of ZnO.
See also ZINC COMPOUNDS.
職業ばく露
Zinc oxide is primarily used as a
white pigment in rubber formulations and as a vulcanizing
aid. It is also used as an antiinflammatory agent; in photo
copying; paints, chemicals, ceramics, lacquers, and
varnishes; as a filler for plastic; in cosmetics; pharmaceuticals,
and calamine lotion. Exposure may occur in the manufacture
and use of zinc oxide and products, or through its
formation as a fume when zinc or its alloys are heated. HC
may have been used as a Choking/Pulmonary Agent.
発がん性
In general, genotoxic studies have not
found evidence for mutagenicity of zinc.
輸送方法
UN3077 Environmentally hazardous substances,
solid, n.o.s., Hazard class: 9; Labels: 9-Miscellaneous hazardous
material, Technical Name Required.
不和合性
Incompatible with linseed oil, magnesium.
Contact with chlorinated rubber (@ 215C) may
cause a violent reaction. Slowly decomposed by water.
酸化亜鉛 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品