ピペロニルブトキシド 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
無色～黄色, 澄明の液体
溶解性
水にほとんど溶けない。多くの有機溶媒に溶ける。エタノールに極めて溶けやすく、アセトンに溶け、水にほとんど溶けない。
効能
殺虫薬 (獣医薬)
農薬用途
動物薬、共力剤
使用上の注意
アルゴン封入
説明
Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) is a water insoluble colorless to pale
yellow liquid that was developed in the 1940s to increase the
effectiveness of various pesticides. It is currently registered as an
active ingredient in more than 1500 products used for indoor
or outdoor pesticides, including agricultural maintenance of
some food crops.
化学的特性
Piperonyl butoxide (PB) is a Light Yellow Liquid. It has no smell or a faint smell and a slightly bitter taste. It does not dissolve in water but can be dissolved in mineral oil and most organic solvents. It is stable to light, resistant to hydrolysis, and is not corrosive. In terms of toxicity, the LD50 (lethal dose for 50% of a test population) is 7500mg/kg in rats when administered orally.
使用
Piperonyl butoxide is used as a synergist for pyrethrins and their synthetic analogues. It is typically added to carbamate, pyrethrin, pyrethroid, and rotenone pesticides to greatly enhance their potency. PBO alone does not have pesticidal properties.
製造方法
First, safrole is obtained from allyl chloride and methylenedioxybenzene. Then, piperonyl butoxide is produced by catalytic hydrogenation, chloromethylation, and etherification reactions.
一般的な説明
Pale yellow to light brown liquid with a mild odor and a faint bitter taste.
空気と水の反応
Insoluble in water.
反応プロフィール
Piperonyl butoxide can react with oxidizing materials.
火災危険
Piperonyl butoxide is combustible.
农业用途
Insecticide synergist: A U.S. EPA restricted Use Pesticide (RUP). Not listed for use in EU countries. Piperonyl butoxide is a synergist, i.e., not a pesticide itself, but enhances the properties of other chemicals. It is used with other pesticides such as pyrethrins, pyrethroids, rotenone and carbamates in food and non-food agricultural products, home and garden products, termite and mosquito products, and veterinary pesticide products. It inhibits the insect’s ability to break down an insecticide before it takes effect, thereby prolonging the action, and reduces the necessity for using a stronger formulation.
製品名
Trade names have included Butoxide, Butacide, Butocide, and Pyrenone (mixture with allethrin).
安全性プロファイル
Poison by skin contact.
Moderately toxic by ingestion and
intraperitoneal routes. An experimental
teratogen. Experimental reproductive
effects. Many glycol ether compounds have
dangerous human reproductive effects,
Questionable carcinogen with experimental
tumorigenic data. Mutation data reported.
Combustible when exposed to heat or
flame; can react with oxidizing materials. To
fight fire, use foam, CO2, dry chemical.
When heated to decomDosition it emits
PLATINOL 0 cis-PLATlNUM(II) DIAMMINE-
DICHLORIDE
環境運命予測
PBO is rapidly degraded (half-life 8 h) in the environment by
photolysis and is metabolized by soil microorganisms. Its
estimated atmospheric half-life is approximately 3 h.
代謝経路
Piperonyl butoxide is used primarily in admixture with pyrethrins and
some of the pyrethroids to enhance and prolong their insecticidal action.
Much of this use is in domestic and industrial situations. Metabolism
studies were conducted soon after its discovery and first use in the 1950s
and 1960s. The main impetus initially was to understand the mode of
action as a synergist. When this was shown to be due to the inhibition of
oxidative metabolism, further studies were conducted to address possible
toxic interactions with other pesticides and drugs in man.
Piperonyl butoxide undergoes rapid photodegradation and microbial
degradation in soil. It is also rapidly metabolised in insects and mammals
by oxidative attack at the methylenedioxy carbon atom and in the side
chain. A comprehensive review by Casida (1970) describes the chemistry,
mode of action and metabolism of piperonyl butoxide and several related
methylenedioxyphenyl compounds. Though published nearly 30 years
ago, the review remains a very useful compilation of a large amount of
information, supported by more than 300 references.
Toxicity evaluation
Piperonyl butoxide has low to very low toxicity in birds.Researchers consider piperonyl butoxide moderately toxic to fish，although it is unlikely to accumulate.Some aquatic invertebrates may be highly sensitive to this compound.
As a synergist, PBO inhibits mixed-function oxidases, including cytochrome P450, and resistance-associated esterases that allow insects to degrade an insecticide, allowing enhanced insecticide efficacy. It does not effectively act as a synergist in mammals.
ピペロニルブトキシド 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品