二酸化塩素 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
性質
二酸化塩素の融点は-59.5°C、沸点は11°Cです。常温常圧では黄色味がかった気体です。オゾンや塩素に似た刺激臭を持っています。空気よりも重い気体で、濃度によって臭気や色調は違います。固体は橙黄色で、液体は赤褐色です。
光や熱に対して不安定です。20°Cで100mLの水に0.8g溶けます。塩素原子上に不対電子を有するため、反応性が高いです。
定義
本品は、次の化学式で表される無機化合物である。
解説
二酸化塩素，室温では黄～赤黄色の気体．分子は折れ線形で，Cl-O1.47 Å．∠O-Cl-O117.40°．融点－59 ℃，沸点11 ℃．衝撃，有機物などとの接触で爆発する．水に可溶．水溶液からClO2･8H2Oの黄色の結晶が得られる．光で分解するが，純粋なものは暗所では安定である．普通，水溶液として市販される．
朝倉書店 栄養・生化学辞典について 情報
用途
消臭剤、殺菌剤、防カビ剤、漂白剤 (パルプ·繊維·革·油脂)、食品添加物 (漂白剤;小麦粉、油脂、蜜ロウなど) (化学工業日報社)
構造
二酸化塩素はの酸化物です。塩素の酸化数は+4です。化学式はClO2で表されます。モル質量は67.45g/molで、密度は3.04g/cm3です。
塩素原子と酸素原子の距離は147.3pmで、O-Cl-Oの結合角は117.6°です。
合成
実験室では、塩素を用いて亜塩素酸ナトリウムを酸化すると、二酸化塩素が得られます。消毒用途の二酸化塩素は、亜塩素酸ナトリウムと次亜塩素酸、亜塩素酸ナトリウムと 塩酸、または亜塩素酸塩と硫酸によって生じます。いずれも高い収率で、二酸化塩素を生成可能です。
塩素酸カリウムとシュウ酸の反応によっても、二酸化塩素を合成可能です。世界で生産される二酸化塩素の95%以上は、塩素酸ナトリウムの還元によって作られており、パルプの漂白に使用されています。過酸化水素、メタノール、二酸化硫黄、塩酸のような、適切な還元剤を含んだ強酸溶液中で、効率的に生成可能です。
化粧品の成分用途
抗菌剤、消臭剤
製造
アルカリ金属の塩素酸塩と二酸化硫黄SO2を含む濃硫酸との反応で得られる二酸化塩素．
危険性
10kPa以上の分圧で二酸化塩素は、酸素と塩素に爆発的に分解する可能性があります。光、熱、化学反応、圧力などによって、反応が開始します。したがって二酸化塩素は、通常ガスとして取り扱われることはありません。多くの場合には、1Lあたり0.5～10gの濃度の水溶液で取り扱われています。溶解度は低温で増加するため、1Lあたり3g以上の濃度で保管する場合には、一般的に5°Cの冷水を使用します。
化学的特性
Chlorine dioxide,CI02, is a yellow-reddish gas.It is a very effective bleaching and water treatment agent. Chlorine dioxide is preparedby the reaction of chlorine and sodium chlorite. It is quite unstable and is commonly prepared immediately before use.
物理的性質
Yellow to red-yellow gas at room temperature; pungent chlorine-like odor; density 9.99 g/L at 11°C; liquefies to a reddish brown liquid at 11°C; liquid density 1.64 g/mL at 0°C; freezes at -59.5° C to red crystals (explodes); soluble in water, decomposes in hot water; soluble in alkalis and H
2SO
4.
使用
Chlorine Dioxide is a gas used in bleaching and aging flour. it acts
on the flour almost instantly, resulting in improved color and dough
properties. because usage levels are low, the bleaching action is
limited.
製造方法
Chlorine dioxide is prepared by passing nitrogen dioxide through sodium chlorate packed in a column:
NaClO
3 + NO
2 → NaNO
3 + ClO
2 Also, it may be prepared by the reaction of chlorine with sodium chlorite:
2NaClO
2 + Cl
2 → 2ClO
2 + 2NaCl
Alternatively, it may be obtained by the treatment of sodium chlorate or potassium chlorate with sulfur dioxide and sulfuric acid:
2NaClO
3 + SO
2 + H
2SO
4 → 2ClO
2 + 2 NaHSO
4.
調製方法
Chlorine dioxide is manufactured from the oxidation of
chlorite or the reduction of chlorate. The latter method is
used for large-volume production and is carried out in
strongly acidic solution using reducing agents such as
NaCl, HCl, sulfur dioxide, and methanol.
定義
An orange gas formed by the action
of concentrated sulfuric acid on potassium
chlorate. It is a powerful oxidizing
agent and its explosive properties in the presence of a reducing agent were used to
make one of the first matches. It is widely
used in the purification of water and as a
bleach in the flour and wood-pulp industry.
On an industrial scale an aqueous solution
of chlorine dioxide is made by
passing nitrogen dioxide up a tower
packed with a fused mixture of aluminum
oxide and clay, down which a solution of
sodium chlorate flows.
危険性
Explodes when heated or by reaction with
organic materials. Very irritating to skin and mucous
membranes. Lower respiratory tract irritant. Broncitis.
健康ハザード
Chlorine dioxide is highly irritating to theeyes, nose, and throat. Inhalation can causecoughing, wheezing, respiratory distress, andcongestion in the lungs. Its toxicity inhumans is moderate to high. Its irritanteffects in humans can be intense at a con centration level of 5 ppm in air. A concen tration of 19 ppm of the gas inside a bleachtank caused the death of one worker (Elkins 1959). The chronic toxicity signs are mainlydyspnea and asthmatic bronchitis, and in cer tain cases irritation of the gastrointestinaltract. Ingestion of the liquid may cause som nolence and respiratory stimulation.
火災危険
Nonflammable gas; however, it is highly
reactive and a strong oxidizing agent. Chlo rine dioxide explodes violently upon heating,
exposure to sunlight, contact with dust, or
when subjected to a spark. Detonation occurs
at concentrations above 10% in air in the
presence of an energy source or catalyst.
It undergoes violent reactions with organic
matter; explosion occurs when the mixture is
subjected to shock or a spark. It reacts spon taneously with sulfur or phosphorus, caus ing ignition and/or explosion. Liquid chlorine
dioxide may explode violently when mixed
with mercury, caustic potash, caustic soda, or
many metal hydrides. The gas reacts explo sively with fluorine and with difluoroamine
(Lawless and Smith 1968).
使用用途
二酸化塩素は酸化作用を持ち、反応性が高いです。強い酸化力によって、ウイルス除去、除菌、消臭、坑カビなどの作用があります。そのため、紙・パルプの漂白、水道水・プール水の消毒などに使用されます。
また、二酸化塩素は水に溶けやすいです。二酸化塩素を気体のまま用いる以外にも、気体を溶かして水溶液状に加工して使用できます。さらに、タブレット状にして水中に投げ入れて使用でき、必要用量や状況に応じて柔軟な使い分けが可能です。
安全性プロファイル
Moderately toxic by
inhalation. Experimental reproductive
effects. Mutation data reported. An eye
irritant. A powerful explosive sensitive to
spark, impact, sunlight, or heating rapidly to
100℃. A powerful oxidzer. Concentrations
of greater than 10% in air are explosive.
Explodes on mixing with carbon monoxide,
hydrocarbons (e.g., butadiene, ethane, ethylene, methane, propane), fluoramines
(e.g., difluoramine, trifluoramine). Mtxtures
with hydrogen explode with sparking or
contact with platinum. Explodes on contact
with mercury, potassium hydroxide,
phosphorus pentachloride + chlorine.
Ignites or explodes on contact with nonmetals (e.g., phosphorus, sulfur, sugar).
Reacts violently with F2, NHF2. Reacts with
water or steam to produce toxic and
corrosive fumes of HCl. When heated to
decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cl-.
See also CHLORINE.
職業ばく露
Chlorine dioxide is used in bleaching
cellulose pulp; bleaching flour; water purification; as a liquid sterilizer in an ultrasonic cleaner.
輸送方法
UN/NA 9191 Chlorine dioxide, hydrate, frozen,
Hazard class: 5.1; Labels: 5.1-Oxidizer, 6.1-Poison
Inhalation. Explosive: It may only be shipped in the frozen
state and then only by private or contract motor carrier.
不和合性
Unstable in light. A powerful oxidizer.
Chlorine dioxide gas is explosive at concentrations over
10% and can be ignited by almost any form of energy,
including sunlight, heat (explosions can occur in air in
temperature above 130C), or sparks, shock, friction, or
concussion. This chemical reacts violently with dust, combustible materials; and reducing agents. Reacts violently
with mercury, phosphorus, sulfur, and many compounds,
causing fire and explosion hazard. Contact with water
forms perchloric and hydrochloric acid. Corrosive to
metals.
廃棄物の処理
Use large volume of concentrated solution of ferrous salt or bisulfite solution as reducing agent. Then neutralize and flush to sewer with
abundant water.
二酸化塩素 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品