アフラトキシン B1 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
無色澄明の液体
解説
アフラトキシン B1,アスペルギルス属が生産するかび毒の一種．1960年にイギリスで発生した，10万羽以上の七面鳥が死亡した事件をきっかけに発見された．"アフラトキシン B1 のほか，B2，G1，G2，M1 なども知られているが，毒性，発がん性は B1 がもっとも強力である．無色の結晶．分解点268～269 ℃．[α]D"－562°(クロロホルム)．ピーナツ，トウモロコシ，ナツメグなどさまざまな食品から微量であるが検出されることがある．強い発がん性がある．
森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）
化学的特性
The aflatoxins are a group of molds produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus. They are natural contaminants of fruits, vegetables, and grains. They are also described as a series of condensed ring heterocyclic compounds. They form colorless to pale yellow crystals. Practically insoluble in water.
使用
Aflatoxin B1 is the major analogue of a family of bisfuranocoumarin mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus flavus and related species. Aflatoxin B1 exhibits a distinctive UV spectrum and blue fluorescence. Aflatoxins are among the most potent mycotoxins known but are in fact "pre-toxins", requiring metabolic activation to the toxic principle. Aflatoxins are found widely in nature in trace amounts, particularly in grains and nuts. The toxicity of these metabolites was first recognised in the 1950s and their structures elucidated in 1963. Aflatoxins have been extensively reviewed.
定義
ChEBI: An aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11.
一般的な説明
Colorless to pale yellow crystals or white powder. Exhibits blue fluorescence.
空気と水の反応
Sensitive to exposure to air and light. Water insoluble.
反応プロフィール
AFLATOXIN B1 is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids and strong bases.
火災危険
Flash point data for AFLATOXIN B1 are not available; however, AFLATOXIN B1 is probably combustible.
安全性プロファイル
Confirmed human carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic, neoplas tigenic, and carcinogenic data. Acute poison by ingestion, intraperitoneal, and possibly other routes. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke. See also various aflatoxins.
職業ばく露
Aflatoxins are a group of toxic metabolites produced by certain types of fungi. Aflatoxins are not commercially manufactured; they are naturally occurring contaminants that are formed by fungi on food during conditions of high temperatures and high humidity. Most human exposure to aflatoxins occurs through ingestion of contaminated food. The estimated amount of aflatoxins that Americans consume daily is estimated to be 0.15 0.50 μg. Grains, peanuts, tree nuts, and cottonseed meal are among the more common foods on which these fungi grow. Meat, eggs, milk, and other edible products from animals that consume aflatoxincontaminated feed may also contain aflatoxins. Aflatoxins can also be breathed in
代謝経路
Aflatoxin B1 can be activated via the monooxygenase
reaction which then reacts with the N7 atom of B-DNA
guanine. Conjugation of aflatoxin B1 8,9-epoxide is an
important detoxification route. Although aflatoxin B1
8,9-epoxide can be hydrolyzed to the diol by epoxide
hydrolase, the diol product is toxic, since it reacts
readily with proteins by Schiff base formation or binds
to DNA. Glutathione conjugation prevents toxicity of
both the epoxide and its hydrolysis product. The
aflatoxin glutathione conjugate is subsequently
excreted from the hepatocyte into bile as a major
biliary metabolite.
輸送方法
UN3172 Toxins, extracted from living sources, solid or liquid, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required. UN2811 Toxic solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required.
不和合性
Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides.
廃棄物の処理
Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal. Use of oxidizing agents, such as hydrogen peroxide or 5% sodium hypochlorite bleach. Acids and bases may also be used.
アフラトキシン B1 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品