p-クレゾール 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
白色～うすい黄色粉末～塊
溶解性
水に可溶 (2.5g/100ml水, 50℃), 水酸化アルカリ水溶液、通常の有機溶媒に易溶。エタノール(99.5)及びジエチルエーテルに極めて溶けやすく、水にやや溶けにくく、水酸化ナトリウム溶液に溶ける。
用途
防腐剤、消毒剤
用途
水質試験用
用途
有機合成(合成樹脂、可塑剤等)原料、消毒剤、防腐剤。
使用上の注意
不活性ガス封入徐々に着色し、薄い紅色又は褐色となる。
化学的特性
Cresol is a mixture of three isomeric forms: o-, m-, and p-cresol. These compounds are slightly soluble in water. The m-isomer is a colorless or yellow liquid with characteristic odor. The p-cresol is a colorless to pink crystals with a characteristics phenol-like odor. The concentration at which the odor becomes detectable in water is 55 parts per billion (Buttery et al., 1988). Another study by Leonardos et al. (1969) reported an experimental odor threshold concentration of 1 parts per billion, which is higher than the 0.054 parts per billion reported by Nagata and Takeuchi (1990).
天然物の起源
Has been found in a score of essential oils including ylang ylang and oil of jasmine (Gildemeister & Hoffman, 1966).
使用
p-Cresol is utilized in the production of artificial resins, liquid crystal intermediates, disinfectants, fumigants, and as an industrial solvent. It is also involved in the manufacturing of Bupranolol, a non-selective beta blocker.
定義
ChEBI: P-cresol is a cresol that consists of toluene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4. It is a metabolite of aromatic amino acid metabolism produced by intestinal microflora in humans and animals. It has a role as a uremic toxin, a human metabolite and an Escherichia coli metabolite.
調製方法
The cresols (cresylic acids) are methyl phenols and generally
appear as a mixture of isomers. p-Cresol is a 4-methyl
derivative of phenol and is prepared from m-toluic acid
or obtained from coal tar or petroleum. Crude
cresol is obtained by distilling “gray phenic acid” at a
temperature of ～180–201°C. p-Cresol may be separated
from the crude or purified mixture by repeated fractional
distillation in vacuo. It can also be prepared synthetically by
diazotization of the specific toluene or by fusion of the
corresponding toluenesulfonic acid with sodium hydroxide.
製造方法
It can be prepared by fractional distillation of coal tar where it occurs together with the ortho- and para- isomers.
一般的な説明
Colorless solid with a tar like odor. Sinks and mixes slowly with water.
空気と水の反応
Insoluble in water.
反応プロフィール
p-Cresol is sensitive to heat. p-Cresol is also sensitive to light. p-Cresol is incompatible with strong oxidizers and strong alkalis. p-Cresol will attack some forms of plastics, coatings and rubber.
健康ハザード
INHALATION: Irritation of nose or throat. EYES: Intense irritation and pain, swelling of conjunctiva and corneal damage may occur. SKIN: Intense burning, loss of feeling, white discoloration and softening. Gangrene may occur. INGESTION: Burning sensation in mouth and esophagus. Vomiting may result. Absorption by all routes may cause muscular weakness, gastroenteric disturbance, severe depression and collapse. Effects are primarily on central nervous system, edema of lungs, injury of spleen and pancreas may occur.
安全性プロファイル
Poison by ingestion,
skin contact, subcutaneous, intravenous, and
intraperitoneal routes. A severe skin and eye
irritant. Questionable carcinogen with
experimental neoplastigenic data by itself
and with 7,12-dirnethyl benz(a)anthracene.
Combustible when exposed to heat or
flame. Moderately explosive in the form ofvapor when exposed to heat or flame. To
fight fire, use CO2, dry chemical, alcohol
foam. See also other cresol entries and
PHENOL.
職業ばく露
Cresol is used as a disinfectant and fumigant; as an ore flotation agent, and as an intermediate in the manufacture of chemicals, dyes, plastics, and antioxidants. A mixture of isomers is generally used; the concentrations of the components are determined by the source of the cresol.
概要
4-メチルフェノールでもある。他の化学物質の生産で広く使用されている無色の固体。フェノールの誘導体であり、o-クレゾールとm-クレゾールの異性体。
発がん性
o-Cresol has been induced a few
papillomas but no carcinomas in tumor studies.
代謝
p-Cresol is oxidized at the methyl group in both dogs and rabbits to yield ρ-hydroxybenzoic acid. In the rabbit up to 10% of oral doses of 0.25-0.5 g is excreted as free and conjugated p-hydroxybenzoic acid (Williams, 1959).
輸送方法
UN2076 Cresols, liquid, Hazard class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, 8-Corrosive material. UN3455 Cresols, solid, Hazard class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1- Poisonous materials, 8-Corrosive material.
純化方法
It can be separated from m-cresol by fractional crystalisation of its melt. Purify it by distillation, by precipitation from *benzene solution with pet ether, and via its benzoate, as for phenol. Dry it under vacuum over P2O5. It has also been crystallised from pet ether (b 40-60o) and by conversion to sodium p-cresoxyacetate which, after crystallisation from water is decomposed by heating with HCl in an autoclave [Savard Ann Chim (Paris) 11 287 1929]. The 3,5-dinitrobenzoate (prepared with 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride in dry pyridine, and recrystallised from EtOH or aqueous Me2CO) has m 189o. [Beilstein 6 II 2093.]
不和合性
Vapors may form explosive mixture with air. Incompatible with strong acids; oxidizers, alkalies, aliphatic amines; amides, chlorosulfonic acid; oleum. Decomposes on heating, producing strong acids and bases, causing fire and explosion hazard. Liquid attacks some plastics and rubber. Attacks many metals.
廃棄物の処理
Wastewaters may be subjected to biological treatment. Concentrations may be further reduced by ozone treatment. High concentration wastes may be destroyed in special waste incinerators.
p-クレゾール 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品