ポリエチレングリコール 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
無色澄明の液体
定義
本品は、次の化学式で表される酸化エチレンの重合体である。
溶解性
水, エタノールに易溶。エーテルに不溶または難溶。水、エタノール及びアセトンに極めて溶けやすく、ジエチルエーテル及びヘキサンにほとんど溶けない。
解説
ポリエチレングリコール，高分子量のものは安定で，不揮発性，無臭であり，結晶性もよい．エーテル基の親水性のため，水に易溶，脂肪族炭化水素には不溶であるが，多くの芳香族炭化水素に可溶である．単独あるいは混合して潤滑油，溶媒，医薬基剤として，またゴム，食品，薬品，化粧品，紙，石油化学工業の中間体として広く使用されている．分子量700以下のものは透明または乳白色の液体で，1000以上のものは，グリース状またはろう状である．主として，液状ポリエチレングリコールは，エステル化して非イオン界面活性剤として，また固体状ポリエチレングリコールは，ゴム，薬品，繊維工業の原料として用いられている．
森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）
用途
非イオン型界面活性剤、ゴム離型剤
用途
医薬品、染料、樹脂などの添加剤、潤滑剤、ガスクロマトグラフ用充填剤。
化粧品の成分用途
保水剤、結合剤、抗ケーキング剤、可塑剤、親水性増粘剤、溶剤、乳化安定剤
製造
ポリエチレングリコール略称PEGまたはPEO．ポリエチレンオキシド，ポリオックス，カーボワックスともいう．次の一般式"で示される分子量200以上のポリエーテルで，分子量10000以上の高重合度のものもある．工業的には，フリーデル-クラフツ触媒，酸あるいはアルカリ触媒共存下でエチレンオキシドの開環重合により製造される．
効能
水溶性軟膏基剤
主な用途／役割
ポリウレタン樹脂系接着剤の原料として使用される。
商品名
マクロゴール (丸石製薬); マクロゴール (日興製薬); マクロゴール (東豊薬品); マクロゴール (東豊薬品)
説明
Polyethylene glycols are a family of linear polymers formed
by a base-catalyzed condensation reaction with repeating
ethylene oxide units being added to ethylene. The molecular
formula is (C2H4O)multH2O where mult denotes the average
number of oxyethylene groups. The molecular weight can
range from 200 to several million corresponding to the
number of oxyethylene groups. The higher-molecular-weight
materials (100 000 to 5 000 000) are also referred to as
polyethylene oxides. The average molecular weight of any
specific polyethylene glycol product falls within quite narrow
limits (°5%). The number of ethylene oxide units or their
approximate molecular weight (e.g., PEG-4 or PEG-200)
commonly designates the nomenclature of specific polyethylene
glycols. Polyethylene glycols with amolecular weight
less than 600 are liquid, whereas those of molecular weight
1000 and above are solid. These materials are nonvolatile,
water-soluble, tasteless, and odorless. They are miscible with
water, alcohols, esters, ketones, aromatic solvents, and chlorinated
hydrocarbons, but immiscible with alkanes, paraffins,
waxes, and ethers.
化学的特性
White waxy crystalline flakes
使用
Used in conjunction with carbon black to form a conductive composite.1 Polymer nanospheres of poly(ethylene glycol) were used for drug delivery.2
定義
Any of several condensa-tion polymers of ethylene glycol with thegeneral formula HOCH2(CH2OCH2)nCH2OH orH(OCH2CH2)nOH. Average molecular weightsrange from 200 to 6000. Properties vary with molec-ular weight.
適応症
Polyethylene glycol (Miralax) is another osmotic
laxative that is colorless and tasteless once it is mixed.
調製方法
Polyethylene glycol polymers are formed by the reaction of ethylene
oxide and water under pressure in the presence of a catalyst.
一般的な説明
Clear colorless viscous liquid.
空気と水の反応
Water soluble.
反応プロフィール
Poly(ethylene glycol) is heat-stable and inert to many chemical agents; Poly(ethylene glycol) will not hydrolyze or deteriorate under normal conditions. Poly(ethylene glycol) has a solvent action on some plastics.
火災危険
Poly(ethylene glycol) is combustible.
安全性プロファイル
When heated to
decomposition it emits acrid smoke and
irritating fumes.
環境運命予測
Like other polymeric substances, polyethylene glycols are not
readily biodegradable, with reported 5-day biochemical oxygen
demand (BOD5) of 0–1%. However, owing to their hydrophilicity,
they have a low potential to bioaccumulate.
貯蔵
Polyethylene glycols are chemically stable in air and in solution, although grades with a molecular weight less than 2000 are hygroscopic. Polyethylene glycols do not support microbial growth, and they do not become rancid.
Polyethylene glycols and aqueous polyethylene glycol solutions can be sterilized by autoclaving, filtration, or gamma irradiation.
Sterilization of solid grades by dry heat at 150℃ for 1 hour may induce oxidation, darkening, and the formation of acidic degradation products. Ideally, sterilization should be carried out in an inert atmosphere. Oxidation of polyethylene glycols may also be inhibited by the inclusion of a suitable antioxidant.
If heated tanks are used to maintain normally solid polyethylene glycols in a molten state, care must be taken to avoid contamination with iron, which can lead to discoloration. The temperature must be kept to the minimum necessary to ensure fluidity; oxidation may occur if polyethylene glycols are exposed for long periods to temperatures exceeding 50℃. However, storage under nitrogen reduces the possibility of oxidation.
Polyethylene glycols should be stored in well-closed containers in a cool, dry place. Stainless steel, aluminum, glass, or lined steel containers are preferred for the storage of liquid grades.
不和合性
The chemical reactivity of polyethylene glycols is mainly confined to
the two terminal hydroxyl groups, which can be either esterified or
etherified. However, all grades can exhibit some oxidizing activity
owing to the presence of peroxide impurities and secondary
products formed by autoxidation.
Liquid and solid polyethylene glycol grades may be incompatible
with some coloring agents.
The antibacterial activity of certain antibiotics is reduced in
polyethylene glycol bases, particularly that of penicillin and
bacitracin. The preservative efficacy of the parabens may also be
impaired owing to binding with polyethylene glycols.
Physical effects caused by polyethylene glycol bases include
softening and liquefaction in mixtures with phenol, tannic acid, and
salicylic acid. Discoloration of sulfonamides and dithranol can also
occur, and sorbitol may be precipitated from mixtures. Plastics, such
as polyethylene, phenolformaldehyde, polyvinyl chloride, and cellulose-ester membranes (in filters) may be softened or dissolved
by polyethylene glycols. Migration of polyethylene glycol can occur
from tablet film coatings, leading to interaction with core
components.
規制状況(Regulatory Status)
Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (dental
preparations; IM and IV injections; ophthalmic preparations; oral
capsules, solutions, syrups, and tablets; rectal, topical, and vaginal
preparations). Included in nonparenteral medicines licensed in the
UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal
Ingredients.
ポリエチレングリコール 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品