ペルオキソ硫酸 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
解説
ペルオキソ一硫酸H2SO5、式量114.1とペルオキソ二硫酸H2S2O8、式量194.1とがあり、普通はペルオキソ二硫酸をいう。 いずれも無色、吸湿性の結晶であるが、水に溶けて強い酸であり、分解して硫酸と過酸化水素になる。エタノール、エーテルに溶ける。水溶液中ではデータノートの図にあるようなイオンがあり、硫酸イオンのO2-をO22-で置換したものである。 ［中原勝儼］[参照項目] | 塩化水素 | 過酸化水素 | 酸化剤 | ペルオキソ酸 | 硫酸[補完資料] | ペルオキソ硫酸（データノート）
小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ) ）
製造法
クロロ硫酸HSO3Cl水溶液と過酸化水素とを反応させ、生じた塩化水素を除いて溶液を冷却すると結晶として得られる。普通はペルオキソ硫酸カリウムを濃硫酸で分解して水溶液として得られる。純粋なものはいくぶん安定であるが、不純であると分解しやすく、強い酸化剤である。
化学的特性
White crystalline solid; unstable, decomposes at 45°C; commercial product is a syrupy liquid containing equal parts of Caro’s acid and sulfuric acid; stored at dry ice temperature; very soluble in water.
物理的性質
White crystalline solid; unstable, decomposes at 45°C; commercial product is a syrupy liquid containing equal parts of Caro’s acid and sulfuric acid; stored at dry ice temperature; very soluble in water.
使用
peroxomonosulphuric acid (Caro's acid) is used in the preparation of dyes and bleaching agents. It also is used as a strong oxidizing reagent to convert ketones to lactones, to convert olefins to glycols and esters, and to analyse pyridine, aniline and many alkaloids.
製造方法
peroxomonosulphuric acid may be prepared by several methods depending on what form of the reagent is desired. Most commonly, it is made by treating potassium perfulfate (K2S2O8) with sulfuric acid. The dry form is prepared by slowly stirring 100 g K2S2O8 into 60 mL of concentrated H2SO4, followed by adding 300 g potassium sulfate. A liquid Caro’s acid is obtained by slowly stirring K2S2O8 into three times the mass of H2SO4. The dilute form of the reagent may be obtained by either mixing K2S2O8 to 40% H2SO4 or by treating K2S2O8 with H2SO4 and adding ice to the mixture.
Alternatively, peroxomonosulphuric acid may be prepared from hydrogen peroxide by treatment with either chlorosulfonic acid or with H2SO4 at –40°C. A 90% H2O2 is used in the preparation.
peroxomonosulphuric acid is a strong oxidizing agent and is very unstable. All laboratory preparations must be carried out in an explosion-proof fume hood under temperature- controlled conditions and in the absence of impurities and oxidizable substances.
危険性
peroxomonosulphuric acid is sensitive to heat and shock. Reactions with organic matter, finely divided metals and other readily oxidizable substances can be violent to explosive. It is a strong irritant to skin, eyes and mucous membranes.
健康ハザード
Peroxymonosulfuric acid is a strong irritant to theskin, eyes, and mucous membranes (Merck 1989).Toxicity data for this compound are not available.
火災危険
Peroxymonosulfuric acid is highly unstable, decomposes dangerously on heating, and evolves oxygen at room temperature. It may react violently with organic matter and readily oxidizable compounds. Violent explosions have been reported with acetone, due to the formation of acetone peroxide (Toennis 1937). It may explode when mixed with many primary and secondary alcohols, manganese dioxide, cotton, many metals in finely divided form, and aromatics such as benzene, phenol, and aniline.
安全性プロファイル
Strong irritant. Powerful oxidizer. An explosive. Explosive reaction acetone; alcohols; aromatics (e.g., aniline; benzene; phenol); platinum; manganese dioxide; silver. Incompatible with acetone; catalysts; fibers. When heated to decomposition it emits t
ペルオキソ硫酸 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品