酢酸アミル 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
無色澄明の液体
種類
市場に供給されている酢酸アミルには、一般的な化学試薬製品や工業用薬品などの種類があります。化学試薬としては、実験室で取り扱いやすい25mL , 500mLなどの容量が主流です。通常、ガラス瓶で扱います。常温で輸送・保管が可能な試薬です。
工業用薬品としては、溶剤類の一種として取引されています。15kg石油缶、180kgドラム缶、1,000Lコンテナなどの大型荷姿で取り扱われることが多いです。工場などに対して納品されています。
定義
本品は、酢酸(*)とアミルアルコールのエステルであり、次の式で表される。
参照表示名称：酢酸
溶解性
水に微溶 (1g/100ml水, 20℃), アルコール, エーテル混和。エタノールに極めて溶けやすく、水に溶けにくい。
解説
酢酸とアミルアルコール（1-ペンタノール）のエステル。ナシに似た香気をもつ液体で、ナシ油ともいう。アミルアルコールに8種の異性体があるので、酢酸アミルにも同数の異性体が存在する酢酸アミル。沸点範囲120～146℃、比重0.870～0.880。食品用香料、ニトロセルロース、ラッカーなどの溶剤、セルロイド、接着剤の製造、織物用染料の溶剤などにも用いられる。
用途
香料原料、溶剤
製法
市販の工業用酢酸アミルは、酢酸イソアミルCH3COO(CH2)2CH(CH3)2、酢酸n-アミルCH3COO(CH2)4CH3および酢酸sec-アミルCH3COOCH(CH3)CH2C2H5の混合物で、アミルアルコールまたはフーゼル油に過剰の酢酸と少量の硫酸を加えて製造する。
化粧品の成分用途
溶剤、香料
合成
酢酸アミルの合成方法
図2. 酢酸アミルの合成
(上: カルボン酸とアルコールの脱水縮合 / 中: 酸ハロゲン化物とアルコールの縮合 / 下: 酸無水物とアルコールの縮合)
酢酸アミルは、カルボン酸 (酢酸) とアルコール (1- ペンタノール (n‐アミルアルコール) ) 、及び濃硫酸などの酸触媒を用いた通常のエステル合成反応によって合成することが可能です。
また、他のエステル一般と同様、酸無水物や酸ハロゲン化物を用いた合成も可能と考えられます。
化学的特性
All isomers of amyl acetate are highly flammable,
colorless to yellow, watery liquids.
物理的性質
Colorless liquid with a sweet, banana-like odor. A detection odor threshold concentration of 275
μg/m
3 (52 ppb
v) was reported by Punter (1983). Cometto-Mu?iz and Cain (1991) reported an
average nasal pungency threshold concentration of 1,650 ppm
v.
使用
A colorless liquid made by adding sulfuric acid to a mixture
of amyl alcohol and acetic acid with subsequent recovery
by distillation. It is slightly soluble in water but insoluble
in alcohol. Amyl acetate was used as one of the solvents
in making celluloid film and as fuel for the Alteneck lamp,
adopted as the standard light in sensitometry by the International
Congress of Photography in 1889.
調製方法
n-Amyl acetate is the produced by the esterification of
N-amyl alcohol with acetic acid.
定義
ChEBI: An acetate ester of pentanol.
一般的な説明
A mixture of isomers. A clear colorless liquid with a banana-like odor. Flash point varies from 65°F. to 95°F. Less dense (at 7.2 lb / gal) than water and slightly soluble in water. Hence floats on water. Vapors heavier than air.
空気と水の反応
Highly flammable. Slightly soluble in water.
反応プロフィール
AMYL ACETATE is an ester. Esters react with acids to liberate heat along with alcohols and acids. Strong oxidizing acids may cause a vigorous reaction that is sufficiently exothermic to ignite the reaction products. Heat is also generated by the interaction of esters with caustic solutions. Flammable hydrogen is generated by mixing esters with alkali metals and hydrides. Amyl acetate is incompatible with the following: Nitrates; strong oxidizers, alkalis & acids .
危険性
Flammable, high fire risk. Explosive limits
in air 1.1–7.5%.
健康ハザード
n-Amyl acetate is a narcotic, an irritant tothe eyes and respiratory passage, and at highconcentrations, an anesthesia. Exposure toabout 300 ppm in air for 30 minutes mayproduce eye irritation in humans. Higherconcentrations (>1000 ppm) may produceheadache, somnolence, and narcotic effects.Exposure to 5200 ppm for 8 hours was lethalto rats. It is more toxic than the loweraliphatic esters. An LD50 value in rats iswithin the range 6000 mg/kg.
火災危険
HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.
使用用途
酢酸アミルの主な使用用途は、溶剤、などが中心です。香料や織物用染料の溶剤、の製造、油絵具、ラッカー、ニトロセルロースの溶剤などがあります。写真フィルムなどのフィルム調剤、合成プラスチック材料のセルロイドなども用途です。このように、多岐にわたって工業的に活用されています。
また、模造真珠を作る際、を丸く珠にしたものに外層や中空の内側から吹き付ける液をパールエッセンスと呼びますが、酢酸アミルはこのような塗料液に用いられたりもします。その他、シミ抜き剤の成分として含まれる場合もあります。
化学反応性
Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reaction; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.
安全性プロファイル
Moderately toxic by
intraperitoneal route. Human systemic
effects by inhalation: conjunctiva irritation,
headache, and somnolence. A human eye
irritant. Apparently more toxic than butyl
acetate. Chronic toxicity is of a low order.
Dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat
or flame; can react with oxidizing materials.
Moderately explosive in the form of vapor
when exposed to flame. To fight fire, use
alcohol foam, dry chemical. When heated to
decomposition it emits acrid smoke and
irritating fumes. See also ESTERS, AMYL
ALCOHOL, and ACETIC ACID.
職業ばく露
(n-isomer): Primary irritant (w/o allergic
reaction), (sec-isomer) Human Data. Amyl acetates are
used as industrial solvents and in the manufacturing and
dry-cleaning industry; making artificial fruit-flavoring
agents; cements, coated papers, lacquers; in medications
as an inflammatory agent; pet repellents, insecticides and
miticide. Many other uses.
発がん性
Not listed by ACGIH, California
Proposition 65, IARC, NTP, or OSHA.
環境運命予測
Chemical/Physical. Hydrolyzes in water forming acetic acid and 1-pentanol.
At an influent concentration of 985 mg/L, treatment with GAC resulted in an effluent
concentration of 119 mg/L. The adsorbability of the carbon used was 175 mg/g carbon (Guisti et
al., 1974).
輸送方法
UN1993 Flammable liquids, n.o.s., Hazard
Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid, Technical Name
Required.
純化方法
Shake the ester with saturated NaHCO3 solution until neutral, washed it with water, dry with MgSO4 and distil it. The ester has also been purfied by repeated fractional distillation through an efficient column or spinning band column. [Timmermann & Hennant-Roland J Chim Phys 52 223 1955, Mumford & Phillips J Chem Soc 75 1950, 1H NMR: Crawford & Foster Can J Phys 34 653 1956, Beilstein 2 IV 152.]
不和合性
Vapors may form explosive mixture with
air. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides,
permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine,
etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep
away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids,
oxoacids, epoxides, nitrates. May soften certain plastics.
廃棄物の処理
Dissolve or mix the material
with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator
equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. All federal,
state, and local environmental regulations must be observed.
In accordance with 40CFR165, follow recommendations for
the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers. Must be
disposed properly by following package label directions or
by contacting your local or federal environmental control
agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office.
酢酸アミル 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品