銅(I)クロリド 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
白色～わずかにうすい緑色, 結晶性粉末
溶解性
水及びエタノールにやや溶けにくい。塩酸及びアンモニア水に溶ける。
解説
１ 塩化銅（Ⅰ）。硫酸銅（Ⅱ）と塩化ナトリウムの混合水溶液に二酸化硫黄などを作用させて還元して作る、無色の結晶。水・エタノールに溶けにくい。化学試薬に使用。化学式CuCl 塩化第一銅。２ 塩化銅（Ⅱ）。銅片を王水に溶かし真空中で加熱脱水して作る、黄色の吸湿性結晶。消毒剤や木材の保存剤に使用。化学式CuCl2 塩化第二銅。
小学館 デジタル大辞泉について 情報 | 凡例
用途
塩化銅(I)は様々な有機化学反応の触媒として非常によく用いられる。他の「ソフトな」ルイス酸と比較すると、塩化銀(I)や塩化パラジウム(II)は比較的無毒であるが塩化銅(I)の方が安価であり、塩化鉛(II)や塩化水銀(II)より毒性が低いという特徴をもつ。また銅の価数を2価や3価に調節可能であり、酸化還元を伴う反応において触媒サイクル中に組み込まれやすい。これらの特徴のため塩化銅(I)をはじめとする1価の銅塩は有用な反応試剤となり得る。
用途
有機合成触媒、治金用
使用上の注意
アルゴン封入
化学的特性
white or pale grey powder
物理的性質
White cubic crystal which turns blue when heated at 178°C; density 4.14 g/cm3; the mineral nantokite (CuCl) has density 4.14 g/cm3, hardness 2.5 (Mohs), refractive index 1.930; melts at 430°C becoming a deep, green liquid; vaporizes around 1,400°C; vapor pressure 5 torr at 645°C and 400 torr at 1250°C; low solubility in water (decomposes partially); Ksp 1.72x10-7; insoluble in ethanol and acetone; soluble in concentrated HCl and ammonium hydroxide.The space lattice of CuCl belongs to the cubic system, and its zinc-blende structure has a lattice
constant of a=0.541 nm and Cu–Cl=0.235 nm below 407°C, and it belongs to the hexagonal
system and has a wurtzite structure at 407°C–422°C.
The reflection peaks at room temperature are positioned at λ: 58 and 65.4 mm. The transmission
peak is located at λ: 18.5 mm. The absorption spectrum near the absorption edge λ: 370.0 nm at liquid He temperature shows
many structures because of exciton absorption.
使用
Copper(I) chloride (CuCl) or cuprous chloride is a white powder used as an absorbing agent
for carbon dioxide gas in enclosed breathing areas such as space vehicles.
製造方法
Copper(I) chloride is prepared by reduction of copper(II) chloride in solution: 2CuCl2 + H2 2CuCl + 2HCl Alternatively, it can be prepared by boiling an acidic solution of copper(II) chloride with copper metal, which on dilution yields white CuCl: Cu + CuCl2 2CuCl Copper(I) chloride dissolved in concentrated HCl absorbs carbon monoxide under pressure forming an adduct, CuCl(CO). The complex decomposes on heating releasing CO. Copper(I) chloride is slightly soluble in water. However, in the presence of Cl- ion, it forms soluble complexes of discrete halogeno anions such as, CuCl2-, CuCl3 2-, and CuCl4 3-. Formation of complexes and organocopper derivatives as outlined below are not confined only to copper(I) chloride, but typify Cu+ in general. Reaction with ethylenediamine (en) in aqueous potassium chloride solution forms Cu(II)-ethylenediamine complex, while Cu+ ion is reduced to its metallic state: 2CuCl + 2en → [Cuen2]2+ + 2Cl- + Cu° It dissolves in acetonitrile, CH3CN forming tetrahedral complex ion [Cu(CH3CN)4]+ which can be precipitated with large anions such as ClO4 - or PF6- . Reactions with alkoxides of alkali metals produce yellow copper(I) alkoxides. For example, reaction with sodium ethoxide yield copper(I) ethoxide, a yellow compound that can be sublimed from the product mixture: CuCl + NaOC2H5 → CuOC2H5 + NaCl Copper(I) chloride forms complexes with ethylene and other alkenes in solutions that may have compositions such as [Cu(C2H4)(H2O)2]+ or [Cu(C2H4)(bipy)]+. (bipy = bipyridyl) Reactions with lithium or Grignard reagent yield alkyl or aryl copper(I) derivatives, respectively. Such organocopper compounds containing Cu-Cu bonds are formed only by Cu+ and not Cu2+ ions.
定義
ChEBI: An inorganic chloride of copper in which the metal is in the +1 oxidation state.
一般的な説明
The structure of copper(I) chloride is similar to zinc-blende crystal at room temperature; the structure is wurtzite at 407 °C and at higher temperatures it forms copper(I) chloride vapor as per mass spectroscopy.
危険性
Copper(I) chloride is moderately toxic by ingestion and possibly other routes of entry into the body. The oral LD
50 in mouse is reported to be 347 mg/kg; and subcutaneous LD
50 in guinea pigs is 100 mg/kg.
輸送方法
UN2802 Copper chloride, Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material.
純化方法
Wash the solid with ethanol and diethyl ether, then dry it and store it in a vacuum desiccator [.sterl.f Acta Chem Scand 4 375 1950]. Alternatively, to an aqueous solution of CuCl2.2H2O is added, with stirring, an aqueous solution of anhydrous sodium sulfite. The colourless product is dried at 80o for 30minutes and stored under N2. Cu2Cl2 can be purified by zone-refining [Hall et al. J Chem Soc, Faraday Trans 1 79 343 1983]. [Glemser & Sauer in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol II p 1005 1965.]
不和合性
Contact with strong acids forms monovalent copper salts and toxic hydrogen chloride gas. Forms shock-sensitive and explosive compounds with potassium, sodium, sodium hypobromite, nitromethane, acetylene. Keep away from moisture and alkali metals. Attacks metals in the presence of moisture. Reacts with moist air to form cupric chloride dihydrate. May attack some metals, paints, and coatings. May be able to ignite combustible materials.
銅(I)クロリド 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品
5-[4-フルオロ-3-(トリフルオロメチル)フェニル]-2-フルアルデヒド
1-アミノ-4-[(2,4,6-トリメチルフェニル)アミノ]-9,10-ジヒドロ-9,10-ジオキソアントラセン-2-スルホン酸ナトリウム
5-[2-クロロ-4-(トリフルオロメチル)フェニル]-2-フルアルデヒド
クロナゼパム
2-ブロモクロロベンゼン
4-クロロ-3-ニトロトルエン
2-クロロ-1,3-ジニトロベンゼン
3,5-ジクロロ-1H-インダゾール
ジ-T-ブチルメチルホスフィン
7-クロロキノリン
3-クロロトルエン
ジクロロメチルシラン
4-クロロ-N-メチルアニリン
ビス(トリメチルシリル)アセチレン
2-(4-クロロベンジル)ピリジン
5-[2,6-ジクロロ-4-(トリフルオロメチル)フェニル]-2-フルアルデヒド
アクリロイルクロリド
3-(P-CHLOROPHENYL)-3-(2-PYRIDYL)PROPYLALDEHYDE DIETHYL ACETAL
1-アミノ-9,10-ジヒドロ-9,10-ジオキソ-4-[[3-[[2-(ソジオスルホオキシ)エチル]スルホニル]フェニル]アミノ]アントラセン-2-スルホン酸ナトリウム
3-フェノキシトルエン
2,4,5-トリフルオロフェニル酢酸
3-クロロチオフェン-2-カルボオキサミド
4,4'-[メチレンビス(4,1-フェニレン)ビスイミノ]ビス(1-アミノ-9,10-ジヒドロ-9,10-ジオキソ-2-アントラセンスルホン酸ナトリウム)
5-[4-(TRIFLUOROMETHOXY)PHENYL]-2-FURALDEHYDE
3-クロロ-2-メチルベンゾニトリル
N,N,N',N'-テトラメチル-1,4-フェニレンジアミン二塩酸塩
1,4-ジクロロナフタレン
5-ブロモ-2-クロロ-3-ピコリン 臭化物 塩化物
2,3-ジクロロベンズアルデヒド
リオノール ブルーGS
5-クロロ-2-フルオロ安息香酸
4-クロロ-2-(4-メトキシフェニルアミノ)安息香酸
1,3-ジクロロ-2-ブテン
ヘキサン酸アリル
2,4,6-トリメトキシベンズアルデヒド
5-(4-ブロモフェニル)-2-フルアルデヒド
2-クロロ-5-ヨードピリジン 塩化物 ヨウ化物
バットブラウン44
クロロ（メチル）シラン
ジベンゾ[def,mno]クリセン-6,12-ジオン