インジゴ 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
暗青紫色の粉末
定義
本品は、平成15年厚労省令第126号に示される青色201号である。
溶解性
熱アニリンに溶け、水及びエタノールにほとんど溶けない。水、エタノールに不溶。熱アニリンに可溶。濃硫酸に黄緑色に溶けうすめると青色沈殿を生ずる。
解説
インジゴ．C.I.7300，C.I.Vat Blue 1ともいう．天然藍(あい)の主成分．古くから知られた天然染料で，インジカンを含む植物を発酵させてつくられた．工業的には，N-フェニルグリシンをアルカリ融解してインドキシルとし，それを空気酸化して合成している．金属光沢のある青色の柱状晶．昇華点約300 ℃，分解点390 ℃．キシレンに微溶，エタノールに難溶．木綿用の青色建染め染料であるが，パラフィン油やデカリン中では赤色を呈す．植物系の天然染料の一つ。アイの葉を発酵させてつくる。一八八〇年、ドイツ人バイヤー（バイエル）が初めて合成。九〇年、ドイツ人ホイマンが工業的製法を発明。藍青色の光沢をもつ柱状結晶で、水に溶けない。もめん、麻、絹、羊毛などの染色に用いる。藍。青藍。藍靛(らんてん)・(らんじょう)。インド藍。
用途
建浴の色 : 黄、インジゴイド染法で木綿、羊毛を染めるが、濃く染めるには数回の浸セキ、空気酸化を繰り返す。ほかに亜鉛と水酸化カルシウムによる亜鉛建浴、酵素による建浴法もある。ナッセンにも使える。堅ロウ度 : 日光に可(木綿)、優良(羊毛)。洗タクに弱(木綿)、良(羊毛)。漂白に可。アントラキノン系のすぐれた青色建染メ染料があるにもかかわらず、いまなお多量に使用される。可溶性建染メ染料としても市販されている。
化粧品の成分用途
着色剤
性質
水やアルコールには溶けないが、亜二チオン酸や亜鉛で還元すると、淡黄色のインジゴホワイト（ロイコ体）となり水に溶ける。インジゴの染色には必要な操作である。この溶液（建浴(たてよく)あるいはバットvat）に木綿や羊毛を浸したのち、空気で酸化すれば、繊維上で青色のインジゴを再成する。染着性が高くないので、濃色を得るには建浴での浸染と空気による酸化を繰り返す必要がある。
耐光堅牢(けんろう)度は木綿上よりも羊毛上のほうが良好である。ジーンズの染色をはじめ、現在も多量に使用されている。
説明
Indigo, known chemically as indigotin, is a common blue dye that has been highly valued
throughout history and has played a major role in trade and commerce since ancient times.
The term indigo is often used to describe many blue dyes produced from a number of plants.
For example, woad, a blue dye obtained from the plant Isatis tinctoria, was used throughout
the Mediterannean and Europe and is often identified as indigo. True indigo comes from
the leguminous plant of the genus Indigofera.
The Indigofera genus includes several hundred
species, and indigo has been obtained from a number of these, but the dominant species for
the dye are Indigofera tinctoria grown mainly in India and tropical Asia and Indigofera suff ructiosa
from the tropical Americas. The name indigo comes from the Greek indikon and Latin
indicum meaning “dye from India.” There is evidence that indigo was used several thou sand
years b.c.e. Persian rugs containing indigo color exist from several thousand years b.c.e. Textile
artifacts from Egyptian tombs provide evidence of indigo’s use by royalty from as far back as
2500 b.c.e. The writings of Herodotus from approximately 450 b.c.e. mention indigo’s use in
the Mediterranean area.
化学的特性
dark violet powder
天然物の起源
Indigo is a perennial shrub found in several regions of the world.
来歴
Indigotin. The blue dye of the ancient world was derived from indigo and woad. Which plant is the oldest is a matter of conjecture. That indigo was known at least four thousand years ago is evident from ancient Sanskrit writings. Cloth dyed with indigotin (CI Natural Blue; CI 75780) has been found in Egyptian tombs and in the graves of the Incas in South America. Indigo belongs to the legume family. The two most important species are Indigo tinctoria and I. suffruticosa, found in India and the Americas, respectively. The leaves of the indigo plant do not contain the dye as such, but in the form of its precursor, a glycoside known as indican.
使用
In recent years researchers have used genetic engineering using Escherichia coli to convert tryptophan into indigo. The desire for natural organic products has also revived traditional production methods of indigo on a small scale. Indigo's dominant use is as a textile dye, but indigo-related compounds have limited use as indicators and in food coloring.the Food and Drug Administration's FD&C Blue #2 contains indigotine (also known as indigo carmine), which is a sulfonated sodium salt of indigo.
定義
indigo: A blue vat dye, C
16H
10N
2O
2.It occurs as the glucoside indican inthe leaves of plants of the genus Indigofera,from which it was formerlyextracted. It is now made synthetically.
調製方法
The first synthesis of indigo is attributed to Adolf von Baeyer (1835–1917), who began hisquest to synthesize indigo in 1865 but was not able to produce indigo until 1878. The syntheticproduction of indigo was first described by Baeyer and Viggo Drewson in 1882; Baeyeralso identified the structure of indigo in 1882.the Baeyer-Drewson synthesis of indigo startedwith 2-nitrobenzaldehyde and acetone proceeding through a series of steps in alkali solution.Baeyer’s work was not commercially viable, and it was not until 1897 that BASF (BadischeAnalin und Soda Fabrik) started to produce indigo commercially using a process developedby Karl von Heumann (1851–1894) that started with naphthalene. The synthetic productionof indigo spelled the end of traditional methods of indigo production. By the second decadeof the 20th century, nearly all indigo was produced synthetically.
生物学の機能
Indigo naturalis has a variety of pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, immunomodulatory and so on. It has very good clinical effect on psoriasis, leukemia and ulcerative colitis.
合成
現在では合成インジゴが主力である。化学構造はドイツのバイヤーによる長年の研究の結果決定されたものであるが、その研究途上において、1880年にo(オルト)-ニトロベンズアルデヒドあるいはo-ニトロケイ皮酸からの合成法が確立された。1890年にはフェニルグリシンをナトリウムアミドと融解してインドキシルをつくり、これを酸化するホイマン法が確立され、1897年にドイツのBASF社が工業生産を開始した。このことは合成インジゴが天然藍を駆逐して、現代の染料および化学工業発展の契機となったという意味で重要である。
一般的な説明
Dark blue powder with coppery luster. Occurs in isomeric forms (cis and trans). In solid state Indigo is in the trans form.
空気と水の反応
Insoluble in water.
健康ハザード
ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: Indigo may cause irritation of the skin and mucous membranes.
火災危険
Flash point data for Indigo are not available but Indigo is probably combustible.
安全性プロファイル
Mutation data reported. Whenheated to decomposition it emits toxic vapors of NOx.
純化方法
First reduce indigo in alkaline solution with sodium hydrosulfite, and filter. The filtrate is then oxidised by air, and the resulting precipitate is filtered off, dried at 65-70o, ground to a fine powder, and extracted with CHCl3 in a Soxhlet extractor. Evaporation of the CHCl3 extract gives the purified dye. [Brode et al. J Am Chem Soc 76 1034 1954; spectral characteristics are listed, Beilstein 24 II 233, 24 III/IV 1791.]
インジゴ 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品