ラザホージウム 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
解説
ラザホージウム，原子番号104の元素．電子配置[Rn]5f146d27s2の周期表4族元素．周期表でハフニウムの下に位置する(エカハフニウム)．103番元素ローレンシウムでアクチノイド系列が終了するので，最初の超アクチノイド元素である．IUPACは，105番元素にソビエトグループにちなんだ元素名を採用したので，104番元素にはこれを採択した(1997年)．質量数253～268の同位体核種が知られており，261Rf は半減期65 s で 257No にα崩壊する．265Rf が半減期13 h という報告もある．
物理的性質
The chemical and physical properties of Unq (or rutherfordium) are homologous with theelement hafnium (72Hf ), located just above it in group 4 (IVB) in the periodic table. It wasfirst claimed to be produced artificially by the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR)located in Dubna, Russia. The Russian scientists used a cyclotron that smashed a target ofplutonium-242 with very heavy ions of neon-22, resulting in the following reaction:
94Pu-242 +
10Ne-22 →
104Unq-260 + 4
0n-1 (alpha radiation). The Russians named Unq-260 “kurchatovium”(Ku-260) for the head of their center, Ivan Kurchatov. (See details in the next section,“History.”).
同位体
There are a total of 15 isotopes for rutherfordium, ranging from Rf-253 to Rf-264. Their half-lives range from 23 microseconds to 10 minutes. They are all artificiallymade, radioactive, and unstable. Their decay modes are a combination of alpha decayand spontaneous fission (SF).
名前の由来
Named by the transition naming system of the IUPAC (unnilquadium)
and later named after the New Zealand scientist Ernest Rutherford (rutherfordium).
使用
There are no uses for unnilquadium (rutherfordium), except for high-energy nuclear-particleresearch.
定義
A radioactive metal not found naturally on earth. It is the first transactinide metal. Atoms of rutherfordium are produced by bombarding
249Cf with 12C or by bombarding
248Cm with 18O. Symbol: Rf; m.p. 2100°C (est.); b.p. 5200°C (est.); r.d. 23 (est.); most stable isotope
261Rf (half-life 65s).
危険性
The hazards of unnilquadium are the same as for any radioactive element. Since there areonly a few atoms with short half-lives produced at a time in scientific laboratories, there islittle danger to the public.
ラザホージウム 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品