1-ペンテン 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
無色～黄色, 澄明の液体
溶解性
水に不溶, エタノール, エーテルに易溶。エタノール及びアセトンに極めて溶けやすく、水にほとんど溶けない。
用途
1-ペンテンはα-オレフィン（英語版）の一つである。1-ペンテンは石油の流動接触分解 (Fluid catalytic cracking) や熱分解、あるいは炭化水素フラクションの熱分解によるエチレンおよびプロピレン生産の際の副生成物として主に製造される。その代わりに、ガソリンにブレンドされたり、あるいはその他の炭化水素との混合物としてイソブタンでアルキル化されガソリンを作るために使用される。
化学的特性
1-Pentene, C5H10, is a flammable liquid with specific gravity
0.641. It occurs in coal tar and in petroleum cracking
mixtures, and polymerizes on extended periods of storage
(15, 320).
物理的性質
Clear, colorless, volatile, very flammable liquid with a disagreeable odor. An odor threshold
concentration of 10 ppb
v was determined by a triangular odor bag method (Nagata and Takeuchi,
1990).
使用
1-Pentene is used in the preparation of d-xylitol, l-arabinitol and hydrazones of substituted salicylaldehydes. It is also used as a blending agent for of high-octane gasoline. It reacts with p-toluenesulfinate to yield 1-(2-iodo-pentane-1-sulfonyl)-4-methyl-benzene. It is also involved in Gas Chromatography and Liquid Chromatography analysis.
調製方法
1-Pentene is prepared from allyl bromide and ethyl magnesium
bromide in ether or in dipropyl ether.
一般的な説明
Colorless liquid with an odor of gasoline. Flash point -20°F(Aldrich). Insoluble in water and less dense than water. Hence floats on water. Flammable vapor is produced. Boiling point 86°F.
空気と水の反応
Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.
反応プロフィール
1-Pentene may react vigorously with strong oxidizing agents. May react exothermically with reducing agents to release hydrogen gas. May undergo exothermic polymerization reactions in the presence of various catalysts (such as acids) or initiators.
健康ハザード
Acts as a simple asphyxiant or weak anesthetic in high vapor concentrations. Similar to effects caused by gasoline vapors.
火災危険
Behavior in Fire: Containers may explode in fire.
化学反応性
Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reaction; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.
職業ばく露
Workers in petroleum refineries and petrochemical plants.
環境運命予測
Biological. Biooxidation of 1-pentene may occur yielding 4-penten-1-ol, which may oxidize to
give 4-pentenoic acid (Dugan, 1972). Washed cell suspensions of bacteria belonging to the genera
Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Xanthobacter, and Pseudomonas and growing on selected alkenes
metabolized 1-pentene to 1,2-epoxypentane. Mycobacterium sp., growing on ethene, hydrolyzed
1,2-epoxypropane to 1,2-propanediol (Van Ginkel et al., 1987).
Photolytic. The following rate constants were reported for the reaction of 1-pentene and OH
radicals in the atmosphere: 1.8 x 10
-13 cm
3/molecule?sec at 300 K (Hendry and Kenley, 1979); 3.14
x 10
-11 cm
3/molecule?sec (Atkinson, 1990). Atkinson (1990) also reported a photooxidation rate
constant of 1.10 x 10
-17 cm
3/molecule?sec for the reaction of 1-pentene and ozone.
Chemical/Physical. Complete combustion in air yields carbon dioxide and water.
輸送方法
UN1108 1-Pentene, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid
不和合性
Vapors may form explosive mixture with air. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Excessive heat may cause polymerization. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides, heat. Incompatible with strong reducing agents such as hydrides; oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides.
廃棄物の処理
Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. All federal, state, and local environmental regulations must be observed.
1-ペンテン 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品