イソプロピルアルコール 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
無色澄明の液体。
定義
本品は、次の化学式で表される脂肪族アルコールである。
溶解性
水、エタノール及びジエチルエーテルに極めて溶けやすい。
解説
C3H8O(60.10)．CH3CH(OH)CH3．2-プロパノール(2-propanol)ともいう．イソプロパノールは誤称である．脂肪族飽和アルコール類の一つ．第二級アルコールとしてもっとも簡単なもの．イソプロピルアルコールは，プロペンの水和により合成できるが，工業的にはプロペンを硫酸に吸収し，加水分解する方法と，固体酸触媒による気相および気泡混相接触水和法，さらにヘテロポリ酸触媒を用いる液相水和法とがある．揮発性，引火性の無色の液体．融点－88.5 ℃，沸点88.23 ℃．d425"0.78084．nD25"1.37527．爆発範囲2.0～12.0体積％．水，炭化水素油，含酸素有機溶媒に易溶．水と共沸混合物をつくる．溶剤，医薬用，凍結防止剤などに使われる．森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）
用途
精密分析、超高純度溶剤としての個人専用試薬。
用途
汎用試薬、溶剤、試液調製原料、有機合成原料、消毒剤。
用途
紫外、可視及び蛍光スペクトル分析。
用途
汎用試薬、溶剤、試液調製用原料等。
用途
液体クロマトグラフ分析用溶離液及び溶離液調製用。
用途
金属等の比色及び原子吸光分析、紫外吸光分析等の溶媒。
医薬用
イソプロピル化剤，凍結防止剤や溶剤などにも多く使われるほか，分析用の弱い還元剤，非水溶媒滴定の溶剤などにも使われる。イソプロピルアルコールは，医薬品として薬局方に収載される。蛋白質，リポイドの変性を起す作用によって殺菌効果を示し，消毒薬としてエタノールの2倍の効力をもつ。作用非選択性のため内用には用いられず，皮膚，手術器具の消毒や化粧品の溶剤に利用される。消毒薬としては，破傷風菌や炭疽菌のような芽胞産生菌には無効といわれる。
製造法
イソプロパノール，2-プロパノールともいう。イソプロピルアルコールは，プロピレンと硫酸から合成するほか，糖蜜の発酵によっても生成する。工業的には石油分解ガスから分離したプロピレンを原料として生産される。
化粧品の成分用途
減粘剤、溶剤、香料、消泡剤
効能
外皮用殺菌消毒薬, 溶解剤
主な用途／役割
溶剤型接着剤、水性型エマルション系接着剤、エアゾール接着剤に使用される。
商品名
アルコール (東豊薬品); アル・パッド (アドマル産業); イソプロパノール (ワコーケミカル); イソプロパノール (三恵薬品); イソプロパノール (丸石製薬); イソプロパノール (今津薬品工業); イソプロパノール (健栄製薬); イソプロパノール (兼一薬品工業); イソプロパノール (吉田製薬); イソプロパノール (大成薬品工業); イソプロパノール (小堺製薬); イソプロパノール (山善製薬); イソプロパノール (日興製薬); イソプロパノール (日興製薬); イソプロパノール (昭和製薬); イソプロパノール (東海製薬); イソプロパノール (東豊薬品); イソプロピルアルコール (丸石製薬); イソプロピルアルコール (丸石製薬)
使用上の注意
不活性ガス封入
説明
Isopropanol is a clear, colorless alcohol that is used in the
production of acetone and as a solvent in the manufacture of
various industrial and commercial products. It is used by the
public for a number of different purposes and is commonly
known as rubbing alcohol. It is flammable and miscible with
both water and many different organic solvents. Isopropanol
can be prepared via three different methods: indirect hydration
of propylene (the ‘strong acid’ method), direct hydration of
propylene, and catalytic hydrogenation of acetone.
化学的特性
Isopropyl alcohol is a clear, colorless, mobile, volatile, flammable liquid with a characteristic, spirituous odor resembling that of a mixture of ethanol and acetone; it has a slightly bitter taste.It is miscible with water, ethyl ether, and ethyl alcohol. Isopropyl alcohol is incompatible with strong oxidizers, acetaldehyde, chlorine, ethylene oxide, acids, and isocyanates.
天然物の起源
Reported found in apple and cognac aromas (esterified). Also found in apple, banana, grapefruit and lime
juice, melon, papaya, pear, onion, peas, rutabaga, tomato, wheat bread, cheeses, milk, boiled egg, cooked beef, pork and mutton, hop
oil beer, rum, cocoa, coffee, scotch whiskey, grape wines, peanut, pecan, soybean, honey, beans, plum brandy, walnut, crab, clam,
prickly pear and clary sage.
製造方法
Isopropyl alcohol may be prepared from propylene; by the catalytic reduction of acetone, or by fermentation of certain carbohydrates.
定義
ChEBI: Isopropyl Alcohol is a secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is an isomer of propyl alcohol with antibacterial properties.
主な応用
Isopropyl Alcohol is used in a variety of applications including as a solvent for industrial processes and coating; as a component in cleaning, car care and deicing products; as a wetting agent for printing inks and as a feedstock in the manufacture of ester and Mogas/Luboil additives.
isopropyl alcohol is a carrier, anti-bacterial, and solvent for skin care lotions. Isopropyl alcohol is made from propylene, a petroleum derivative.
When compared to ethanol, 50% less is required for nucleic acid precipitation, thus minimizing the total volume to be centrifuged for DNA or RNA recovery.
Isopropyl alcohol 70% is used as an ingredient in alcohol swabs and alcohol wipes for wound cleaning, it is found in hand sanitizers, and in ear drops to prevent swimmer's ear.
一般的な説明
Volatile, colorless liquid with a sharp musty odor like rubbing alcohol. Flash point of 53°F. Vapors are heavier than air and mildly irritating to the eyes, nose, and throat. Density approximately 6.5 lb / gal. Used in making cosmetics, skin and hair preparations, pharmaceuticals, perfumes, lacquer formulations, dye solutions, antifreezes, soaps, window cleaners. Sold in 70% aqueous solution as rubbing alcohol.
空気と水の反応
Highly flammable. Water soluble.
反応プロフィール
Isopropyl Alcohol can react with AIR and OXYGEN over time to form unstable peroxides that can explode. Contact with 2-butanone increases the rate of peroxide formation. An explosive reaction occurs when Isopropanol is heated with (aluminum isopropoxide + crotonaldehyde). Forms explosive mixtures with trinitromethane and hydrogen peroxide. Reacts with barium perchlorate to form a highly explosive compound. Ignites on contact with dioxygenyl tetrafluoroborate, chromium trioxide and potassium-tert-butoxide. Vigorous reactions occur with (hydrogen + palladium), nitroform, oleum, COCl2, aluminum triisopropoxide and oxidizing agents. Reacts explosively with phosgene in the presence of iron salts. Incompatible with acids, acid anhydrides, halogens and aluminum . Isopropanol can react with PCl3, forming toxic HCl gas. (Logsdon, John E., Richard A. Loke., sopropyl Alcohol. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1996.).
健康ハザード
Exposures to isopropyl alcohol cause irritation to the eyes and mucous membranes. Exposures to isopropyl alcohol for 3–5 min (400 ppm) caused mild irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, and at 800 ppm these symptoms became severe. Ingestion or an oral dose of 25 mL in 100 mL of water produced hypotension, facial flushing, bradycardia, and dizziness. Ingestion in large quantities caused extensive hemorrhagic tracheobronchitis, bronchopneumonia, and hemorrhagic pulmonary edema. Prolonged skin contact with isopropyl alcohol caused eczema and sensitivity. Delayed dermal absorption is attributed to a number of pediatric poisonings that have occurred following repeated or prolonged sponge bathing with isopropyl alcohol to reduce fever. In several cases, symptoms included respiratory distress, stupor, and coma. Laboratory animals exposed to isopropyl alcohol develop poisoning with symptoms of hind leg paralysis, unsteadiness, lack of muscular coordination, respiratory depression, and stupor. Isopropyl alcohol is a potent CNS depressant, and in large doses causes cardiovascular depression.
火災危険
Isopropyl Alcohol(IPA) is highly flammable in its liquid and vapor forms and flammable atmospheres can be created at temperatures as low as 540°F /120℃ . This means that any environment where IPA is being used needs to be well ventilated. It should be kept away from heat and open flame. As the vapour is heavier than air, it may spread along the ground, so care needs to be taken that the vapour is not ignited by a distant source.
応用例（製薬）
Isopropyl alcohol (propan-2-ol) is used in cosmetics and pharmaceutical
formulations, primarily as a solvent in topical formulations.( It is not recommended for oral use owing to its toxicity.
Although it is used in lotions, the marked degreasing properties
of isopropyl alcohol may limit its usefulness in preparations used
repeatedly. Isopropyl alcohol is also used as a solvent both for tablet
film-coating and for tablet granulation, where the isopropyl
alcohol is subsequently removed by evaporation. It has also been
shown to significantly increase the skin permeability of nimesulide
from carbomer 934.
Isopropyl alcohol has some antimicrobial activity and a 70% v/v aqueous solution is used as a topical disinfectant.
Therapeutically, isopropyl alcohol has been investigated for the
treatment of postoperative nausea or vomiting.
発がん性
CD-1 mice were exposed by inhalation
to 0, 500, 2500, or 5000 ppm of isopropanol vapor for
6 h/day, 5 days/week for 18 months. An additional group of
mice (all exposure levels) were assigned to a recovery group
that were exposed to isopropanol for 12 months and then
retained until study termination at 18 months. There was
no increased frequency of neoplastic lesions in any of the
isopropanol-exposed animals. Nonneoplastic lesions were
limited to the testes (males) and the kidney. In the testes,
enlargement of the seminal vesicles occurred in the absence
of associated inflammatory or degenerative changes. The
kidney effects included tubular proteinosis and/or tubular
dilatation. The incidence of testicular and kidney effects
was not increased in the isopropanol-exposed recovery
animals.
環境運命予測
The vast majority of isopropanol in the environment originates
from manufacturing processes. Small amounts are
produced by certain microbes, fungi, and yeast. The high
volatility of isopropanol ensures that when it is released
into the environment in any state, it eventually ends up in
the atmosphere. There, it can be degraded by hydroxyl radicals
or it can return to soil or water through precipitation. Its
half-life in the environment is approximately 3.2 days and is
highly biodegradable; bioaccumulation in plants and animals
does not occur.
貯蔵
Isopropyl alcohol should be stored in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area in tightly sealed containers with a proper label. Outside or detached storage is preferable. Inside storage should be a flammable liquids storage room or cabinet. Workers should not store isopropyl alcohol above 37°C (100°F). Containers of isopropyl alcohol should be protected from physical damage and contact with air, and should be stored separately from strong oxidizers, acetaldehyde, chlorine, ethylene oxide, acids, and isocyanates. Isopropyl alcohol should be transported to the nearest laboratory as quickly as possible in cool containers.
不和合性
Incompatible with oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide and
nitric acid, which cause decomposition. Isopropyl alcohol may be
salted out from aqueous mixtures by the addition of sodium
chloride, sodium sulfate, and other salts, or by the addition of
sodium hydroxide.
予防処置
Workers should wash hands and face thoroughly after handling isopropyl alcohol. Workers should wear gloves, safety glasses and a face shield, boots, apron, and a full impermeable suit is recommended if exposure is possible to a large portion of the body.
規制状況(Regulatory Status)
Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (oral capsules,
tablets, and topical preparations). Included in nonparenteral
medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of
Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.
イソプロピルアルコール 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品