硝酸ウラニル 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
解説
硝酸ウラニル，式量502.1．そのほか，無水および一，二，三水和物が知られている．六水和物は黄色の結晶で黄緑色の強い蛍光を発する．融点60.2 ℃，沸点118 ℃．密度2.807 g cm－3(13 ℃)．構造はO-U-O軸に垂直な面内に二つの硝酸イオンと二つの水分子が配位しており，[UO2(NO3)2(H2O)2]･4H2Oと書くこともできる．水に対する溶解度は無水物として54.4 g/100 g 水(20 ℃)．エーテル，アセトン，エタノールなどに可溶．湿った空気中では潮解し，60.2 ℃ で融解して黄色の液体になる．黄緑色の蛍光を発する．エーテルを含む溶液から得られた硝酸ウラニルは，自然にあるいは機械的刺激や熱によって爆発する．毒劇法劇物指定，経口摂取・吸入により毒性
用途
イエローケーキから出発するウラン燃料製造過程の中間物．かつては，医薬，窯業(うわぐすり)，ガラス着色などに用いられた．
製造
硝酸に酸化ウラン(Ⅵ)または八酸化三ウランを溶解し，濃縮すると六水和物が得られる硝酸ウラニル．
化学的特性
Yellow, rhombic crystals. Soluble in water, alcohol, and
ether.
物理的性質
The hexahydrate is a yellow crystalline solid; orthogonal crystals; density 2.81 g/cm
3; hygroscopic; melts at 60°C; decomposes at 118°C; very soluble in water; soluble in alcohol and ether.
使用
Uranyl nitrate is a yellow poisonous crystal made by dissolving
uranic oxide in nitric acid. It is soluble in water, alcohol, and
ether. First suggested by C. J. Burnett in 1855, a uranyl nitrate
printing process was patented by Niépce de St. Victor in 1858.
The paper was floated on a uranyl nitrate solution and dried
in the dark. The paper was exposed under a negative in the
sun until a faint image appeared. The image was developed to
completion by floating the paper on a solution of silver nitrate
or gold chloride followed by washing. A process patented in
1864 by Jacob Wothly called for adding uranyl nitrate and
silver to collodion, which was then applied to paper. The
Wothlytype was a printing-out process.
Uranyl nitrate was used in printing-out emulsions and with
potassium ferricyanide for toning prints and intensifying negatives.
It was also used with silver nitrate for making uranium/
silver gaslight papers.
製造方法
Uranyl nitrate is obtained as an intermediate in recovering uranium from its minerals. The compound can be prepared by reacting triuranium octaoxide, U
3O
8, with nitric acid. It is separated and purified by extraction with ether.
危険性
Strong oxidizer. Corrosive and irritating.
安全性プロファイル
Poison by inhalation.
Moderately toxic by ingestion. Human
mutation data reported. A corrosive irritant
to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. A
radioactive material. A powerful explosive
and oxibzer. Incompatible with cellulose.
Ether solutions in sunlight may explode.
When heated to decomposition it emits
toxic fumes of NOx. See also URANYL
NITRATE HEXAHYDRATE and
URANIUM.
硝酸ウラニル 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品