Non-ionic surfactants

Non-ionic surfactant refers to a kind of surfactant with its molecule not undergoing ionization when being dissolved in water. Before World War II, it was first developed by the IG Company (German) with the trade names being Igepol, Leonil and Emulphor. According to their different hydrophilic groups, it can be divided into polyoxyethylene and polyols two categories.

1 Polyoxyethylene: its formula is RO (CH2CH2O)nH. It is manufactured through the reaction between the active hydrogen-containing compound and the ethylene oxide. Commonly used active hydrogen-containing compound in industry include fatty alcohols, alkylphenols, fatty acids, fatty amines, fatty amides, polyhydric alcohols, fatty acid esters, oil lipid, sorbitol and so on. The largest category of commercially available nonionic surfactants is the ethylene oxide adducts of the fatty alcohol and alkylphenol. Polyoxyethylene type surfactant is mostly soluble in water with very wide range of applications and used as cleaning agents, penetrating agents, leveling agents and emulsifiers in many industrial sectors.
2 Polyhydric alcohol type: it is the amide type or esters type compound manufactured from the reaction between multi-hydroxyl containing compounds with fatty acid. Polyol-type nonionic surfactant has high safety, small irritant effect on the skin, so in addition to be used as the oil agent and softener of the fiber, it can also be used as emulsifiers and dispersing agents in the food industry, the pharmaceutical industry and the cosmetics industry.

Non-ionic surfactant has a high stability and is not easily affected by the acid-base or strong electrolytes. Moreover, it also has good compatibility with anionic, cationic surfactants or amphoteric surfactants and can be used in formulation.

The nonionic surfactant are not in the ionic state in the solution, thereby having high stability and being less susceptible to the effect of strong electrolyte inorganic salts as well as acid and alkalis; it has excellent compatibility with other types of surfactants and have excellent solubility (which vary depending on different structures) in both water and organic solvents.

This kind of surfactants, although not ionized in water, but contain both hydrophilic groups (e.g. oxyethylene-CH2CH2O-, ether group -O-, hydroxyl group -OH or -CONH2 amide group, etc.) and lipophilic group (e.g., hydrocarbon-R). The hydrophilic groups and lipophilic groups may respectively interact with the inorganic filler and polymer matrix material to strengthen the links between them two, thus improving the compatibility between the two and playing an effect on plasticizing and lubrication of the flexible carbon between two polar groups. Meanwhile, it can endow the system with flexibility and mobility, reducing the viscosity of the system, and thereby improving the processing properties of the composites.

The aqueous solution of nonionic surfactants has poor foaming capability with the foam being not stable as well. This is due to that each molecule of the non-ionic surfactant has relatively large surface area and the interface being in uncharged foam. Polyoxyethylene has long chain and uniform molecular weight distribution. The lipophilic group has long chain and also contains branched chain. The presence of the polyoxyethylene -polyoxypropylene copolymer both has a great impact on the foaming of the non-ionic surfactants. Owing to the presence of the polar portion and non-polar portions existing in their molecular structure, they have surface activity. Such kind of active agents can be divided into the ester type (e.g. polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, sorbitan fatty acid esters anhydrides), ether type (e.g., polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether), amine type (such as polyoxyethylene fatty amine), amide type (such as polyoxyethylene alkyl amide) and mixing type (such as sorbitol anhydride fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene ether). In the field of oiling, it is mainly used in foaming, emulsifying, anti-wax, anti-corrosion, retarder, production increase of oil well, intensified injection of injection wells as well as improving oil recovery and so on.

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Structure Chemical Name CAS MF
Polyethylene Glycol Monocetyl Ether Polyethylene Glycol Monocetyl Ether 9004-95-9 C56H114O21
POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOOLEYL ETHER POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOOLEYL ETHER 9004-98-2 C38H76O11
TRILAURIN TRILAURIN 538-24-9 C39H74O6
Span 80 Span 80 1338-43-8 C24H44O6
Glycerol tristearate Glycerol tristearate 555-43-1 C57H110O6
Sorbitan monopalmitate Sorbitan monopalmitate 26266-57-9 C22H42O6
TRIOLEIN TRIOLEIN 122-32-7 C57H104O6
Span 20 Span 20 1338-39-2 C18H34O6
Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose 9004-65-3 C3H7O*
Tween 60 Tween 60 9005-67-8 C64H126O26
Polysorbate 20 Polysorbate 20 9005-64-5 C26H50O10
Polyoxyethylene stearate Polyoxyethylene stearate 9004-99-3 C34H70O9
Glyceryl Monooleate Glyceryl Monooleate 111-03-5 C21H40O4
Span 60 Span 60 1338-41-6 C24H46O6
Docosanamide Docosanamide 3061-75-4 C22H45NO
SORBITAN TRIOLEATE SORBITAN TRIOLEATE 26266-58-0 C60H108O8
Polyoxyethylene lauryl ether Polyoxyethylene lauryl ether 9002-92-0 C58H118O24
Hydroxyethyl Cellulose Hydroxyethyl Cellulose 9004-62-0 C29H52O21
Emulsifier FM Emulsifier FM C24H49NO4
Propyleneglycol alginate Propyleneglycol alginate 9005-37-2 (C9H14O70n
GLYCEROL MONOHYDROXYSTEARATE GLYCEROL MONOHYDROXYSTEARATE 1323-42-8 C21H42O5
Fatty acids, lanolin, isopropyl esters Fatty acids, lanolin, isopropyl esters 63393-93-1
Emulsifier LAE-9 Emulsifier LAE-9 RCOO(CH2CH2O)9H
Poly(ethylene glycol) distearate Poly(ethylene glycol) distearate 9005-08-7 C19H40O4
MYRISTYL MYRISTATE MYRISTYL MYRISTATE 3234-85-3 C28H56O2
SUCROSE DISTEARATE SUCROSE DISTEARATE 27195-16-0 C48H90O13
Sorbitan sesquioleate Sorbitan sesquioleate 8007-43-0 C66H126O16
SORBITAN TRISTEARATE SORBITAN TRISTEARATE 26658-19-5 C60H114O8
Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether N=3 Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether N=3 C12H25O(CH2CH2O)3H
Decyl glucoside Decyl glucoside 68515-73-1 C16H32O6
alkyl polyglucoside alkyl polyglucoside
MONOCAPRYLIN MONOCAPRYLIN 26402-26-6 C11H22O4
polysorbate 40 polysorbate 40 9005-66-7 C12H18O11
alkyl phenyl polyoxyethylene ether alkyl phenyl polyoxyethylene ether C35~36H64~66O10
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-isodecyl-omega-hydroxy- Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-isodecyl-omega-hydroxy- 61827-42-7 C12H26O2
DILAURIN DILAURIN 27638-00-2 C27H52O5
MONOMYRISTIN MONOMYRISTIN 27214-38-6 C17H34O4
DECYL OLEATE DECYL OLEATE 3687-46-5 C28H54O2
Tween 80 Tween 80 9005-65-6 C24H44O6
TRIDECETH-4 TRIDECETH-4 69011-36-5
Tween 85 Tween 85 9005-70-3 CH4
NONAETHYLENE GLYCOL MONODODECYL ETHER NONAETHYLENE GLYCOL MONODODECYL ETHER 3055-99-0 C30H62O10
FATTY ACID METHYL ESTER MIX C8-C22 FATTY ACID METHYL ESTER MIX C8-C22
Emulsifier EL-40 Emulsifier EL-40
Trimethylolpropane t Trimethylolpropane t
SUCROSE COCOATE SUCROSE COCOATE 91031-88-8
CETYL LACTATE CETYL LACTATE 35274-05-6 C19H38O3
Polyethylene glycol octadecyl ether Polyethylene glycol octadecyl ether 9005-00-9 C20H42O2
Sucrose stearate Sucrose stearate 25168-73-4 C30H56O12
Isooctyl palmitate Isooctyl palmitate 1341-38-4 C24H48O2
GENAPOL(R) X-080 GENAPOL(R) X-080 9043-30-5 HO(CH2CH2O)n(CH2)mH
Pentaerythrityl tetrastearate Pentaerythrityl tetrastearate 115-83-3 C77H148O8
Isopropyl myristate Isopropyl myristate 110-27-0 C17H34O2
MONOLAURIN MONOLAURIN 142-18-7 C15H30O4
Empilan CIS Empilan CIS
octyl phenyl polyoxyethylene (30) ether octyl phenyl polyoxyethylene (30) ether C74H142O31
ACETYLATED SUCROSE DISTEARATE ACETYLATED SUCROSE DISTEARATE 121684-92-2
dibenzyl biphenyl polyoxyethylene ether dibenzyl biphenyl polyoxyethylene ether C58H86O17
additive AC1210 additive AC1210 C32H67O10
Emulsifier OP-40 Emulsifier OP-40
PENTAERYTHRITOL TETRARICINOLEATE 10G [R] PENTAERYTHRITOL TETRARICINOLEATE 10G [R]
Isooctadecanoic acid, ester with 1,2,3-propanetriol Isooctadecanoic acid, ester with 1,2,3-propanetriol 61332-02-3 C21H42O4
2-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethyl stearate 2-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethyl stearate 10248-74-5 C24H49NO4
pesticide emulsifier 700^<#^> pesticide emulsifier 700^<#^> C69H124O22
Alkyl polyglucoside Alkyl polyglucoside
C^{8~9^} alkyl phenyl polyoxyethylene (15) ether C^{8~9^} alkyl phenyl polyoxyethylene (15) ether C44~45H82~84O16
glycerine monostearate glycerine monostearate C21H42O4
castor oil polyoxyethylene (90) ether castor oil polyoxyethylene (90) ether
C^{12~18^} fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene (35) ether C^{12~18^} fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene (35) ether C82~88H166~178O36
Emulsifier EL-60 Emulsifier EL-60
OleylOleate OleylOleate C36H68O2
coconut oil alcohol acylamide coconut oil alcohol acylamide
castor oil poloxyethylene (30) ether castor oil poloxyethylene (30) ether
MONOMYRISTIN MONOMYRISTIN 75685-84-6 C17H34O4
C^{8~9^} alkyl phenyl polyoxyethylene (8) ether C^{8~9^} alkyl phenyl polyoxyethylene (8) ether C30~31H54~56O9
Emulsifier OP-4 Emulsifier OP-4 RC6H4O(CH2CH2O)4H
octyl phenyl polyoxyethylene (3) ether octyl phenyl polyoxyethylene (3) ether
ethylene glycol monostearate ethylene glycol monostearate C20H40O3
HEXAETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOOCTYL ETHER HEXAETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOOCTYL ETHER 4440-54-4 C20H42O7
glycerine monolaurate glycerine monolaurate C15H30O4
POE (2) OLEYL AMINE POE (2) OLEYL AMINE 13127-82-7 C22H45NO2
Glycerides, coco mono- Glycerides, coco mono- 61789-05-7
polyoxyethylene (10) castor oil ether polyoxyethylene (10) castor oil ether
Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether O-10 Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether O-10 C32~38H66~78O11
Glycerides, lard mono-, acetates Glycerides, lard mono-, acetates 68990-55-6
1-Glyceryl caprate 1-Glyceryl caprate 11139-88-1 C13H26O4
Peregal O-25 Peregal O-25 C62~68H126~138O26
Deemulsifier SP-169 Deemulsifier SP-169
Emulsifier (S-185) Emulsifier (S-185) RO(CH2CH2O)nH
dodecyl polyglucoside dodecyl polyglucoside
Additive AC1815 Additive AC1815 C48H99NO15
nonyl phenyl polyoxyethylene (9) ether nonyl phenyl polyoxyethylene (9) ether C33H60O10
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