1-Adamantanamine hydrochloride:an antiviral substance

Description

1-Adamantanamine hydrochloride is a synthetic organic compound clinically used as an antiparkinsonian agent and an antiviral drug. This compound is highly soluble, relatively non-toxic, and biologically stable.

Solubility

Tu et al. measures the solubility of 1-adamantanamine hydrochloride (1-AH) in ethanol, acetic acid, distilled water, N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and dimethylacetamide (DMAC) between 283.15 K and 333.15 K. Their result indicate that solubility of 1-AH is the lowest in DMF and the highest in water when the temperature is higher than 310 K; this may be because of the intermolecular interaction between solvent and solute molecules. 1-Adamantanamine hydrochloride (1-AH) is a salt, and most salts can be dissolved in water, especially in hot water. In addition, the structure of 1-AH is much more complicated and is more challenging to disperse in organic solvents. Hence, solvents with complicated structures, such as DMF, show a lower solubility than water. Solubility increases with temperature in all the selected solvents[1]. The solubility curves of 1-AH in NMP and ethanol show almost the same curvature. This may mean that both solubilities have the same sensitivity to temperature, though their solubility values are different.

Uses

1-Adamantanamine hydrochloride is an antiviral substance. It has been reported to be active against influenza viruses, and the Sendai virus inhibited the growth of rubella virus in tissue culture. Wallbank et al. found that this compound, added to chick embryo cells, inhibited focus production upon subsequent inoculation of the cells with Rous and Esh sarcoma viruses. Their result demonstrates that the drug inhibits the growth of two oncogenic viruses by preventing virus penetration but not by a virucidal effect or cell intoxication[2-4].

1-Adamantanamine Hydrochloride ((ATH)) could used in Solar Cells. Since it resists environmental corrosion, ATH could be introduced to the upper surface of the perovskite film. The contact angles of water on control and ATH-modified perovskite films are shown above. This strategy could heal the defects of the perovskite surface, thus obtaining highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells. The defects are passivated, interfacial nonradiative recombination is suppressed, and interface stress is released by the ATH deposited on the perovskite film, leading to longer carrier lifetimes and enhancement in open-circuit voltage (VOC) and fill factor (FF) of the PSCs[5]. In particular, during an operational stability measurement of more than 1000 h, the ATH-treated PSC exhibited better moisture resistance, thermal persistence, and light stability.

References

[1] Yuxiao Tu. "Solubility of 1-Adamantanamine hydrochloride in Six Pure Solvents between 283.15 K and 333.15 K." Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering 34 1 (1900): 363–368.

[2] S H Lee, C E van Rooyen, P R Dobson. "Antiviral substances: 6-aminonicotinamide and 1-adamantanamine hydrochloride." Chemotherapy 11 3 (1966): 163–77.

[3] H F MAASSAB, K W COCHRAN. "RUBELLA VIRUS: INHIBITION IN VITRO BY AMANTADINE HYDROCHLORIDE." Science 145 3639 (1964): 1443–4.

[4] A M Wallbank, N G Klinikowski, R E Matter. "1-Adamantanamine hydrochloride: inhibition of Rous and Esh Sarcoma viruses in cell culture." Science 152 3730 (1966): 1760–1.

[5] Baibai Liu and Jiangzhao Chen. "1-Adamantanamine Hydrochloride Resists Environmental Corrosion to Obtain Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells." The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 14 10 (2023): 2501–2508.