脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇主要由禾谷镰刀菌(F. graminearum)和黄色镰刀菌(F. culmorum)等产生,在小麦、大麦、燕麦、玉米等谷物中含量较高。谷物脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇污染在全球范围内易多发,主要原因是谷物在田间受到禾谷镰刀菌等真菌侵染,导致小麦发生赤霉病和玉米穗腐病,在适宜的气温和湿度等条件下繁殖并产脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇。
Deoxynivalenol is a tricothecene mycotoxin and potent protein synthesis inhibitor. Deoxynivalenol exhibits cytotoxic activity in vivo via the ribotoxic stress response. Deoxynivalenol induces p38-medi ated gene expression and apoptosis in leukocytes; activity results in systemic expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and other proinflammatory cytokines. Also induces migration of NF-κB into the nucleus.