COX-1
1.4 μM (IC 50 )
(+)-Catechin exhibits >95% inhibitory activity at 70 μg/mL against cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC 50 of 1.4 μM. A dose-dependent reduction in color is observed after 24 hours of treatment with (+)-Catechin, and 54.76% of the cells are dead at the highest concentration of (+)-Catechin tested (160 μg/mL) whereas the IC 50 of (+)-Catechin is achieved at 127.62 μg/mL (+)-Catechin. A dose- and time-dependent increase in the induction of apoptosis is observed when MCF-7 cells are treated with (+)-Catechin. When compare to the control cells at 24 hours, 40.7 and 41.16% of the cells treated with 150 μg/mL and 300 μg/mL (+)-Catechin, respectively, undergo apoptosis. The expression levels of Caspase-3 , -8 , and -9 and p53 in MCF-7 cells treated with 150 μg/mL (+)-Catechin for 24 h increase by 5.81, 1.42, 3.29, and 2.68 fold, respectively, as compare to the levels in untreated control cells.
Animals treated with (+)-Catechin at the lowest tested dose, i.e., 50 mg/kg, p.o. have spent comparatively more time in exploring the novel object in the choice trial, however, the difference is not statistically significant. (+)-Catechin prevents the time-induced episodic memory deficits in a dose-dependent manner, the most effective being 200 mg/kg, p.o.. Treatment with (+)-Catechin prevents the rise in MPO level compare to DOX alone treatment group (21.98±9.44 and 36.76±4.39% in the hippocampus and the frontal cortex respectively).