Norethisteron Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R40:Verdacht auf krebserzeugende Wirkung.
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
R20/21/22:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Einatmen,Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S22:Staub nicht einatmen.
S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
Beschreibung
Norethindrone is a progestin (a synthetic substance with properties similar to progesterone)
that is best known as the first female oral contraceptive, or the “pill.”Norethindrone’s global
impact on society and culture has made it one of the most important inventions in history.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Off-White to Pale Yellow Solid
History
The development of norethindrone as a female oral contraceptive took place indirectly over 30 years as a result of steroid research.This research accelerated in the 1930s when structures and medical applications of steroidal compounds were determined.Steroids are lipids, which include cholesterol, bile salts,and sex hormones,that are characterized by a structure of three fused six-carbon rings and a five-carbon ring.
In 1957, both norethindrone and norethynodrel were approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating menstrual problems and infertility. In 1960, the FDA approved Searle's norethynodrel under the trade name Enovid. Norethindrone was approved as an oral contraceptive in 1962 under the trade name Ortho-Novum.
Verwenden
Progesteron. Norethindrone and acetate in combination with estrogen as contraceptive (oral). It is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen
Definition
ChEBI: A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the hydrogen at position 17 is replaced by an ethynyl group and in which the methyl group attached to position 10 is replaced by hydrogen.
Nebenwirkungen
Some of the more common side effects of Norethindrone include breast tenderness, hair growth, especially on the face; pimples, weight gain, frequent and irregular bleeding; and menstrual changes.
Possible side effects may include: blindness, blue-yellow colour blindness, breast pain, tightness in the chest, chills, clay-coloured stools, cough, dark-coloured urine, diarrhoea, difficulty swallowing, headache and dizziness, eye pain, fast heartbeat, feeling sad or empty, fever, general tiredness and weakness, heavy non-menstrual vaginal bleeding, hives, itching or rash, loss of appetite, puffiness or swelling of the eyelids or around the eyes, face, lips, or tongue Swelling; Stomach ache, etc.
Sicherheitsprofil
Confirmed carcinogen
with experimental carcinogenic,
tumorigenic, and teratogenic data. Mddly
toxic by ingestion. Human systemic effects
by ingestion: dermatitis and androgenic
effects. Human teratogenic effects:
developmental abnormalities of the
musculoskeletal system and urogenital
system; and behavioral effects in the
newborn. Human reproductive effects:
spermatogenesis; testes, epididymis, sperm
duct changes; impotence; male breast
development; other male effects; ovaries,
fallopian tube changes; menstrual cycle effects; postpartum effects; changes in
female fertility. Experimental reproductive
effects. Human mutation data reported.
When heated to decomposition it emits
acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
Carcinogenicity
Norethisterone is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals.
Norethisteron Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Tetrahydrofuran
Ammoniak, wasserfrei
Lithium
Kalium
Acetylen
Chromsure
Triethylorthoformiat
3-Methoxyoestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-on
Estr-4-en-3,17-dion
19-ALDOANDROSTENEDIONE
3-Ethoxyestra-3,5-dien-17-one
3-Methoxyestra-2,5(10)-dien-17β-ol
19-Norpregna-2,5(10)-dien-20-yn-17-ol, 3-methoxy-, (17α)- (9CI)
19-Hydroxyandrost-4-en-3,17-dion
19-CARBOXYANDROST-4-ENE-3,17-DIONE
Norethindrone-3-ethyldienolether
Nandrolon
Downstream Produkte
