Zink Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
GERUCHLOSES GRAUES BIS BLAUES PULVER.
PHYSIKALISCHE GEFAHREN
Staubexplosion der pulverisierten oder granulierten Substanz in Gemischen mit Luft möglich. Die trockene Substanz kann durch Verwirbeln, Druckluft, Fließen usw. elektrostatisch aufgeladen werden.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Beim Erhitzen bilden sich giftige Rauche. Starkes Reduktionsmittel. Reagiert sehr heftig mit Oxidationsmitteln. Reagiert mit Wasser und reagiert sehr heftig mit Säuren und Basen unter Freisetzung von leichtentzündlichem Wasserstoffgas. Reagiert sehr heftig mit Schwefel, halogenierten Kohlenwasserstoffen und vielen anderen Substanzen unter Feuer- und Explosionsgefahr.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV nicht festgelegt (ACGIH 2005).
MAK nicht festgelegt (DFG 2005).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Verdampfung bei 20°C vernachlässigbar; eine gesundheitsschädliche Partikelkonzentration in der Luft kann jedoch beim Dispergieren schnell erreicht werden.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Inhalation des Rauches kann Metalldampffieber verursachen. Die Auswirkungen treten u.U. verzögert ein.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
Wiederholter oder andauernder Hautkontakt kann Dermatitis hervorrufen.
LECKAGE
Alle Zündquellen auslöschen oder entfernen. NICHT in die Kanalisation spülen. Verschüttetes Material in trockenen Behältern sammeln. An sicheren Ort bringen. Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Umgebungsluftunabhängiges Atemschutzgerät.
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R52/53:Schädlich für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gewässern längerfristig schädliche Wirkungen haben.
R50/53:Sehr giftig für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gewässern längerfristig schädliche Wirkungen haben.
R17:Selbstentzündlich an der Luft. Spontaneously flammable in air.
R15:Reagiert mit Wasser unter Bildung hochentzündlicher Gase.
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
R51/53:Giftig für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gewässern längerfristig schädliche Wirkungen haben.
R36/37:Reizt die Augen und die Atmungsorgane.
R22:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Verschlucken.
R19:Kann explosionsfähige Peroxide bilden.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S61:Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden. Besondere Anweisungen einholen/Sicherheitsdatenblatt zu Rate ziehen.
S60:Dieses Produkt und sein Behälter sind als gefährlicher Abfall zu entsorgen.
S46:Bei Verschlucken sofort ärztlichen Rat einholen und Verpackung oder Etikett vorzeigen.
S43:Zum Löschen . . . (vom Hersteller anzugeben) verwenden (wenn Wasser die Gefahr erhöht, anfügen: "Kein Wasser verwenden").
S36:DE: Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung tragen.
Aussehen Eigenschaften
Zn. Graues, geruchloses Pulver.
Gefahren für Mensch und Umwelt
Entzündlich. Bildet mit Wasser hochexplosive Gase. Selbstentzündlich. Nicht mit Alkalihydroxiden, Luft, Halogen-Halogenverbindungen, Wasser, Säuren, Halogenen, Schwefel, Chloraten, Alkalioxiden, Schwefelkohlenstoff, Hydroxylamin, Hydrazin und Derivate, Ammoniumverbindungen, Halogenkohlenwasserstoffe, Azide, Benzol und Derivate und verschiedenen Metallen in Berührung bringen. Reagiert mit Wasser unter Bildung von Wasserstoff.
Reizt die Atemwege. Aufnahme führt zu Fieber, Muskelbeschwerden, Übelkeit und Erbrechen.
Schutzmaßnahmen und Verhaltensregeln
Schutzhandschuhe als kurzzeitiger Staubschutz.
Verhalten im Gefahrfall
Staub nicht einatmen.
Trocken aufnehmen. Der Entsorgung zuführen.
Metallbrandpulver, Sand oder Zement.
Ungeeignetes Löschmittel ist Wasser.
Brennbar. Gefahr einer Staubexplosion. Selbstentzündlich. Nicht mit organischen Stoffen in Kontakt bringen.
Erste Hilfe
Nach Hautkontakt: Mit reichlich Wasser abwaschen.
Nach Augenkontakt: Mit reichlich Wasser bei geöffnetem Lidspalt mindestens 15 Minuten ausspülen. Sofort Augenarzt hinzuziehen.
Nach Einatmen: Frischluft. Arzt hinzuziehen.
Nach Verschlucken: Reichlich Wasser trinken lassen. Erbrechen auslösen. Arzt hinzuziehen.
Nach Kleidungskontakt: Kontaminierte Kleidung sofort entfernen.
Ersthelfer: siehe gesonderten Anschlag
Sachgerechte Entsorgung
Als feste Laborchemikalienabfälle.
Beschreibung
Zinc (Zn) is a metallic element discovered by a German
chemist, Andreas Marggraf, in 1746. It is environmentally
ubiquitous and essential for life. It exhibits a strong tendency to
react with both organic and inorganic compounds. Zinc is the
24th most abundant element, constitutes 0.027% bw of the
Earth’s crust, and has five stable isotopes. The largest mineable
amounts are found in Australia, Asia, and the United States. A
recent estimate suggests that approximately 20% of the world’s
population is at risk of Zn deficiency. However, free access to
uncontrolled amounts of Zn in nutritional supplements is the
most common cause of Zn excess. Both Zn deficiency and Zn
excess contribute to human Zn toxicity.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Zinc is a soft silvery colored metal; the dust is odorless and gray. It is one of the most common elements in the earth's crust. Metal zinc was first produced in India and China during the middle ages. Industrially important compounds of zinc are zinc chloride (ZnCl2), zinc oxide (ZnO), zinc stearate (Zn(C16H35O2)2), and zinc sulfide (Sphalerite, ZnS) found in hazardous waste sites. It is found in air, soil, and water, and is present in all foods.
Pure zinc is a bluish-white shiny metal. Zinc has many commercial uses as coatings to prevent rust, in dry-cell batteries, and mixed with other metals to make alloys like brass and bronze. Zinc combines with other elements to form zinc compounds. Zinc compounds are widely used in industry to make paint, rubber, dye, wood preservatives, and ointments.
Physikalische Eigenschaften
Zinc is a whitish metal with a bluish hue. As an electropositive metal, it readily gives up itstwo outer electrons located in the N shell as it combines with nonmetal elements. Zinc foilwill ignite in moist air, and zinc shavings and powder react violently with acids. Zinc’s meltingpoint is 419.58°C, its boiling point is 907°C, and its density is 7.14 g/cm
3.Note: Zinc is not always included as one of the metals in the first series of the transitionelements, but it is the first element in group 12 (IIB).
Isotopes
There are 38 isotopes of zinc, ranging in atomic weights from Zn-54 to Zn-83.Just four of these are stable, and those four, plus one naturally radioactive isotope (Zn-70) that has a very long half-life (5×10
+14 years), make up the element’s existence onEarth. Their proportional contributions to the natural existence of zinc on Earth are assuch: Zn-64 = 48.63%, Zn-66 = 27.90%, Zn-67 = 4.10%, Zn- 68 = 18.75%, and Zn-70 = 0.62%. All the other isotopes are radioactive and artificially produced.
Origin of Name
Although ancients used zinc compounds, the name “zinc” is assumed
to be derived from the German word zinn, which was related to tin.
Occurrence
Zinc is the 24th most abundant on Earth, which means it makes up only about 0.007%of the Earth’s crust. Even so, humans have found many uses for it over the past thousands ofyears.It is not found in its pure metallic form in nature but is refined from the mineral (compound) zinc sulfide (ZnSO
4) known as the ores sphalerite and zincblende. It is also recoveredfrom minerals and ores known as willemite, hydrozincite, smithsonite, wurtzite, zincite, andFranklinite. Zinc ores are found in Canada, Mexico, Australia, and Belgium, as well as in theUnited States. Valuable grades of zinc ores are mined in Colorado and New Jersey.
Charakteristisch
Zinc is malleable and can be machined, rolled, die-cast, molded into various forms similarto plastic molding, and formed into rods, tubing, wires, and sheets. It is not magnetic, butit does resist corrosion by forming a hard oxide coating that prevents it from reacting anyfurther with air. When used to coat iron, it protects iron by a process called “galvanic protection,” also known as “sacrificial protection.” This protective characteristic occurs because theair will react with the zinc metal coating, which is a more electropositive (reactive) metal thanis the coated iron or steel, which is less electropositive than zinc. In other words, the zinc isoxidized instead of the underlying metal. (See the section under “Common Uses of Zinc” formore on galvanization.
Verwenden
zinc is described as an oligo element, trace element, or micro nutrient. Zinc is believed to accelerate wound healing. It is also considered an anti-oxidant, offering protection against uV radiation. It appears to favor the sulfur uptake in sulfurated amino acids and facilitates the incorporation of cysteine, an amino acid, into the skin. It also has a synergistic effect with vitamins A and e. Zinc is a component of more than 70 metal enzymes. It promotes collagen synthesis in the dermis and keratinization of the corneum layer. Zinc is useful for acne treatments because it lowers sebaceous secretion, and is also used in the treatment of psoriasis.
Definition
zinc: Symbol Zn. A blue-white metallicelement; a.n. 30; r.a.m. 65.38; r.d.7.1; m.p. 419.88°C; b.p. 907°C. It occursin sphalerite (or zinc blende,ZnS), which is found associated withthe lead sulphide, and in smithsonite(ZnCO
3). Ores are roasted to give theoxide and this is reduced with carbon(coke) at high temperature, the zincvapour being condensed. Alternatively,the oxide is dissolved in sulphuricacid and the zinc obtained byelectrolysis. There are five stable isotopes(mass numbers 64, 66, 67, 68,and 70) and six radioactive isotopesare known. The metal is used in galvanizingand in a number of alloys(brass, bronze, etc.). Chemically it is areactive metal, combining with oxygenand other nonmetals and reactingwith dilute acids to releasehydrogen. It also dissolves in alkalis to give zincates. Most of its compoundscontain the Zn
2+ ion.
Vorbereitung Methode
Zinc is widely distributed in nature, constituting 20–200 ppm
of the Earth’s crust.The principal zinc ore is in the form of sulfides, such as
sphalerite and wurtzite (cubic and hexagonal ZnS) and
willemite (Zn2SiO4). To obtain metallic zinc, the zinc ores
that are relatively low in zinc content are concentrated. Zinc
smelting is gradually being replaced by the electrolytic
processes. During smelting there are often large emissions
of zinc, and other heavy metals contained in the zinc ore such
as lead and cadmium, into the air.
Reaktionen
Zinc exhibits a valence of +2 in all its compounds. It also is a highly electropositive metal. It replaces less electropositive metals from their aqueous salt solutions or melts. For example, a zinc metal bar put into Cu2+ solution acquires a brown-black crust of copper metal deposited on it. At the same time the blue color of the solution fades. Zinc reduces Cu2+ ions to copper metal. The overall reaction is:
Zn(s) + Cu2+(aq) → Zn2+(aq) + Cu(s)
This spontaneous reaction was used first in 1830 to make a voltaic cell. The metal is attacked by mineral acids. Reactions with sulfuric and hydrochloric acids produce hydrogen. With nitric acid, no hydrogen is evolved but the pentavalent nitrogen is reduced to nitrogen at lower valence states. Zinc is attacked by moist air at room temperature. Dry air has no action at ambient temperatures but the metal combines with dry oxygen rapidly above 225°C. Zinc reacts with carbon dioxide in the presence of moisture at ordinary temperatures forming a hydrated basic carbonate. The metal, on heating with dry halogen gases, yields zinc halides. However, in the presence of moisture the reaction occurs rapidly at ambient temperatures. The metal dissolves in hot solutions of caustic alkalis to form zincates and evolves hydrogen:
Zn + 2NaOH → Na2ZnO2 + H2
Allgemeine Beschreibung
A grayish powder. Insoluble in water. May produce toxic zinc oxide fumes when heated to very high temperatures or when burned. Used in paints, bleaches and to make other chemicals.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Can evolve gaseous hydrogen in contact with water or damp air. The heat of the reaction may be sufficient to ignite the hydrogen produced [Haz. Chem. Data 1966. p. 171]. Flammable. May form an explosive mixture with air [Hawley].
Reaktivität anzeigen
ZINC METAL is a reducing agent. Reacts violently with oxidants causing fire and explosion hazards [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980. p. 966]. In the presence of carbon, the combination of chlorine trifluoride with zinc results in a violent reaction [Mellor 2, Supp. 1: 1956]. Sodium peroxide oxidizes zinc with incandescence [Mellor 2:490-93 1946-47]. Zinc powder or dust in contact with acids forms hydrogen. The heat generated by the reaction is sufficient to ignite the hydrogen evolved [Lab. Govt. Chemist 1965]. A mixture of powdered zinc and an oxidizing agent such as potassium chlorate or powdered sulfur can be exploded by percussion. Zinc burns in moist chlorine. A mixture of zinc and carbon disulfide reacts with incandescence. Zinc powder reacts explosively when heated with manganese chloride. The reaction between zinc and selenium or tellurium is accompanied by incandescence [Mellor 4:476-480 1946-47]. When zinc and ammonium nitrate are mixed and wetted with a minimum of water, a violent reaction occurs with evolution of steam and zinc oxide. When hydrazine mononitrate is heated in contact with zinc a flaming decomposition occurs at temperatures a little above its melting point. Hydroxylamine is reduced when heated with ZINC, unpredictably ZINC may either ignite and burn or explode [Mellor 8 1946-47].
Hazard
As mentioned, zinc dust and powder are very explosive. When zinc shavings are placedin acid or strong alkaline solutions, hydrogen gas is produced, which may explode. Many ofzinc’s compounds are toxic if inhaled or ingested.
A deficiency of zinc in humans will retard growth, both physically and mentally, andcontribute to anemia. It is present in many foods, particularly proteins (meat). A balanceddiet provides an adequate amount of zinc. Not more than 50 milligrams per day of dietaryzinc supplement should be taken, given that high levels of zinc in the body are toxic. Humanbodies contain about two grams of zinc. A deficiency of zinc can cause a lack of taste and candelay growth as well as cause retardation in children.
Zinc intoxication can occur both from inhaling zinc fumes and particles, mainly in industrialprocesses, and from orally ingesting an excess of zinc in dietary supplements. Zinc intoxicationcan cause stomach pains, vomiting, and bleeding. Excess zinc also can cause prematurebirth in pregnant women.
Health Hazard
Zinc and its compounds are relatively non-toxic, but very large doses can produce an acute gastroenteritis characterized by nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for zinc is 15 mg/day for men, 12 mg/day for women, 10 mg/day for children, and 5 mg/day for infants. Insuffi cient zinc in the diet can result in a loss of appetite, a decreased sense of taste and smell, slow wound healing and skin sores, or a damaged immune system. Pregnant women with low zinc intake have babies with growth retardation. Exposure to zinc in excess, however, can also be damaging to health. Harmful health effects generally begin at levels from 10–15 times the RDA (in the 100–250 mg/day range). Eating large amounts of zinc, even for a short time, can cause stomach cramps, nausea, and vomiting. Chronic exposures to zinc chloride fumes cause irritation, pulmonary edema, bronchopneumonia, pulmonary fi brosis, and cyanosis. It also causes anemia, pancreas damage, and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Breathing large amounts of zinc (as dust or fumes) can cause a specifi c short-term disease, called metal fume fever, including disturbances in the adrenal secretion. Information on the possible toxicological effects following prolonged period of exposures to high concentrations of zinc is not known.
Brandgefahr
Produce flammable gases on contact with water. May ignite on contact with water or moist air. Some react vigorously or explosively on contact with water. May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. May re-ignite after fire is extinguished. Some are transported in highly flammable liquids. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.
Pharmazeutische Anwendungen
The average human body contains around 2 g of Zn2+. Therefore, zinc (after iron) is the second most abundant
d-block metal in the human body. Zinc occurs in the human body as Zn2+ (closed d10 shell configuration),
which forms diamagnetic and mainly colourless complexes. In biological systems, zinc ions are often
found as the active centre of enzymes, which can catalyse metabolism or degradation processes, and are
known to be essential for stabilising certain protein structures that are important for a variety of biological
processes.
Already from ancient times, Zn2+ was known to have important biological properties. Zinc-based
ointments were traditionally used for wound healing. Low Zn2+ concentrations can lead to a variety of
health-related problems especially in connection with biological systems of high Zn2+ demand such as the
reproductive system. The daily requirement for Zn2+ is between 3 and 25 mg, depending on the age and
circumstances.
The enzymatic function of Zn2+ is based on its Lewis acid activity, which are electron-deficient species. In the following chapters, examples will be shown to further explain this. Carboanhydrase (CA),carboxypeptidase and superoxide dismutase are some examples for well-studied zinc-containing enzymes.
The so-called zinc fingers have been discovered because of the crucial role of Zn2+ in the growth of organisms.
Within the zinc finger, Zn2+ stabilises the protein structure and therefore enables its biological function.
Landwirtschaftliche Anwendung
Zinc (Zn) is a bluish-white metal belonging to the 12th Group of the Periodic Table. It occurs naturally as sphalerite, smithsonite, hemimorphite and wurzite, and is extracted by roasting the oxide and reducing with carbon. It is used for galvanizing,
Industrielle Verwendung
Hot-dipped or galvanized zinc coatings havebeen popular for many years for protecting ferrousproducts because of their ideal combinationof high corrosion protection and low cost.Their corrosion protection stems from threeimportant factors:zinc has a slower rate ofcorrosion than iron,zinc corrosion productsare white and nonstaining, and zinc affordselectrolytic protection to iron.
The amount of protection against corrosiondepends largely upon coating weight — theheavier the coating, the longer the life of the base metal. For example, a coating 0.04 mmthick is expected to have a life of 25 years inrural atmospheres, whereas a 0.88-mm coatingwill last 50 years. The life of zinc coatings maybe five to ten times greater in rural atmospheresthan in industrial atmospheres containing sulfurand acid gases. Nevertheless, the coatings arestill popular for industrial use because of theirlow cost.Hot dipping is particularly valuable for zinccoating parts that cannot conveniently be madeof galvanized sheet. Thus, it is quite popular forstructural parts, castings, bolts, nuts, nails, polelinehardware, heater and condenser coils,windlasses, and many other products.
Sicherheitsprofil
Human systemic effects
by ingestion: cough, dyspnea, and sweating.
A human skin irritant. Pure zinc powder,
dust, and fume are relatively nontoxic to
humans by inhalation. The dfficulty arises
from oxidation of zinc fumes immedately
prior to inhalation or presence of impurities
such as Cd, Sb, As, Pb. Inhalation may cause
sweet taste, throat dryness, cough, weakness,
generalized aches, chills, fever, nausea,
vomiting.
Flammable in the form of dust when
exposed to heat or flame. May i p t e
spontaneously in air when dry. Explosive in
the form of dust when reacted with acids.
Incompatible with NH4NO3, BaO2,
Ba(NO3)2, Cd, CS2, chlorates, Cl2, ClF3,
CrO3, (ethyl acetoacetate + tribromoneo-
pentyl alcohol), F2, hydrazine mononitrate,
hydroxylamine, Pb(N3)2, (Mg + Ba(NO3)2 +
BaO2), MnCl2, HNO3, performic acid,
KCLO3, KNO3, K2O2, Se, NaClO3, Na2O2,
S, Te, H2O2 (NH4)2S, As2O3, CS2, CaCl2,
NaOH, chlorinated rubber, catalytic metals,
halocarbons, o-nitroanisole, nitrobenzene,
nonmetals, oxidants, paint primer base,
pentacarbonyliron, transition metal halides,
seleninyl bromide. To fight fire, use special
mixtures of dry chemical. When heated to
decomposition it emits toxic fumes of ZnO.
See also ZINC COMPOUNDS.
mögliche Exposition
Zinc is used most commonly as a
protective coating of other metals. In addition, it is
used in alloys, such as bronze and brass, for electrical
apparatus in many common goods; and in organic
chemical extractions and reductions. Zinc chloride is a
primary ingredient in smoke bombs used by military
for screening purposes, crowd dispersal and occasionally
in firefighting exercises by both military and civilian
communities. In pharmaceuticals, salts of zinc are
used as solubilizing agents in many drugs, including
insulin.
Carcinogenicity
Repeated intratesticular injections
of zinc chloride to chickens and rats have been reported
to produce testicular sarcomas. There is no evidence that zinc
compounds are carcinogenic after administration by any
other route. Zinc oxide, zinc chloride, and zinc stearate
have been classified by the U.S. EPAas belonging to group D.
Versand/Shipping
UN1436 Zinc powder or zinc dust, Hazard
Class: 4.3; Labels: 4.3-Dangerous when wet material,
4.2-Spontaneously combustible material.
läuterung methode
Commercial zinc dust (1.2kg) is stirred with 2% HCl (3L) for 1minute, then the acid is removed by filtration, and washed in a 4L beaker with a 3L portion of 2% HCl, three 1L portions of distilled water, two 2L portions of 95% EtOH, and finally with 2L of absolute Et2O. (The wash solutions were removed each time by filtration.) The material is then dried thoroughly, and if necessary, any lumps are broken up in a mortar. [Wagenknecht & Juza Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol II p 1067 1965.]
Inkompatibilitäten
Dust is pyrophoric and may self-ignite in
air. A strong reducing agent. Violent reaction with oxidizers,
chromic anhydride; manganese chloride; chlorates,
chlorine and magnesium. Reacts with water and reacts violently
with acids, alkali hydroxides; and bases forming
highly flammable hydrogen gas. Reacts violently with sulfur,
halogenated hydrocarbons and many other substances,
causing fire and explosion hazard.
Waste disposal
Zinc powder should be
reclaimed. Unsalvageable waste may be buried in an
approved landfill. Leachate should be monitored for zinc
content.
Zink Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
2-(2-(4-((2-Chlorethyl)methyl-amino)phenyl)vinyl)-1,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indoliumchlorid
4,5-Dihydro-2-methyl-1H-imidazol
4-(METHYLTHIO)BENZYLAMINE
2-[(Diisopropyl)amino]ethyl-9H-xanthen-9-carboxylat
4(3H)-Pyrimidinone, 5-methyl-2-(methylthio)-
4-Methylpiperazin-1-amin
flat type zinc-manganese dioxide battery
3-AMINO-2-METHYLTHIENO[2,3-D]PYRIMIDIN-4(3H)-ONE
5-Methylbenzo[b]thiophen
2-ANTHRACENECARBOXYLIC ACID
Fluoren-2-ylamin
4-Chlor-3,5-xylenol
9,10-Dimethylanthracen
4-(2-AMINO-ETHYL)-2-METHOXY-PHENOL
Water-soluble inorganic zinc rich primer
Zinkiodid
Azobenzol
Chlortrifluorethylen
2,3-DIHYDRO-2-PHENYL-1H-ISOINDOL-1-OXO-ISOINDOLINE
2,4-Di-tert-butyl-6-(5-chlorbenzotriazol-2-yl)phenol
round type alkaline zinc-manganese dioxide battery
3-Pyrrolin
XANTHENE-9-CARBONITRILE
4'-Amino-2',5'-diethoxybenzanilid
BENZHYDRYL B-CHLOROETHYL ETHER
azelaic acid, compound with morpholine
Hexadecan
o-(Phenoxymethyl)benzoesure
Natrium-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)hydrazinosulfonat
(4-CHLORODIPHENYL)METHYL BETA-CHLOROETHYL ETHER
4-Ethylpyridin
Zinkphosphid
5-BROMO-2-(METHYLTHIO)PYRIMIDINE
4-(2-Aminoethyl)pyrocatechinhydrobromid
Eserin
1-Methyl-1-phenylhydrazin
N-Methylpropylamine
Zinkbromid
Chlor(methyl)silan
Acridin
