1-Decanol Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
FARBLOSE FLüSSIGKEIT MIT CHARAKTERISTISCHEM GERUCH.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Zersetzung beim Verbrennen unter Bildung reizender Rauche. Reagiert sehr heftig mit Säureanhydriden, Säurechloriden und starken Oxidationsmitteln.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV nicht festgelegt (ACGIH 2005).
MAK nicht festgelegt (DFG 2005).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation des Aerosols.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Beim Verdampfen bei 20°C tritt eine gesundheitsschädliche Kontamination der Luft nicht oder nur sehr langsam ein.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Der Dampf reizt die Augen und die Haut. Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf das Zentralnervensystem in hohen Konzentrationen.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
Die Flüssigkeit entfettet die Haut.
LECKAGE
Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzfilter für organische Gase und Dämpfe. NICHT in die Umwelt gelangen lassen. Verschüttetes Material mit Absorptionsmittel abdecken. Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit in abdichtbaren Behältern sammeln.
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R20:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Einatmen.
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
R51/53:Giftig für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gewässern längerfristig schädliche Wirkungen haben.
R36/38:Reizt die Augen und die Haut.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S60:Dieses Produkt und sein Behälter sind als gefährlicher Abfall zu entsorgen.
S61:Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden. Besondere Anweisungen einholen/Sicherheitsdatenblatt zu Rate ziehen.
S37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S29:Nicht in die Kanalisation gelangen lassen.
S36:DE: Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung tragen.
Chemische Eigenschaften
1-Decanol is a clear colorless to slightly yellow liquid and has a floral odor resembling orange flowers and a slight, characteristic fatty taste. The threshold odor concentration in air for decyl alcohol (isomer not specified) was reportedly 6.3 ppb. soluble in glacial acetic acid, ethanol, benzene, petroleum ether, easily soluble in ether.
Occurrence
Reported in the essential oils of ambrette seeds and almond flowers; also in citrus oils, fermented beverages,
apple juice, bilberry, American cranberry, papaya, raspberry, cheeses, milk, butter, beef, pork, beer, cognac, whiskey, red, white and
sparkling wines, coriander seeds and cardamom.
Verwenden
1-Decanol is a long chain alcohol that has been seen to enhance homomeric glycine receptor function. In addition, the 5HT2α receptors were inhibited by the presence of 1-decanol. This action has many psychological repercussions on an individual. 1-Decanol is also used in the manufacture of plasticizers, synthetic lubricants, petroleum additives, herbicides, surface active agents, solvents. Has moderate antifoaming capacity.
Application
decyl alcohol can be used for any number of functions, including as an emollient, a foam-booster, a surfactant and a viscosity controller, as well to mask odor and as a fixative in perfumes. Decyl alcohol occurs naturally in sweet orange and ambrette seed. It is also derived commercially from liquid paraffin.
Definition
ChEBI: 1-Decanol is a fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at C-1 of an unbranched saturated chain of ten carbon atoms. It has a role as a metabolite and a protic solvent. It is a primary alcohol and a fatty alcohol.
synthetische
By sodium reduction or high-pressure catalytic hydrogenation of the esters of naturally occurring capric acid, or by oligomerization of ethylene using aluminium alkyl technology.
Vorbereitung Methode
1-Decanol is prepared commercially by sodium reduction or
by the high-pressure catalytic reduction of coconut oil,
coconut fatty acids, or esters . It is also produced
by the Ziegler process, which involves oxidation of trialkylaluminum
compounds.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
A clear colorless liquid with a sweet fat-like odor. Flash point 180°F. Less dense than water and insoluble in water. Vapors are heavier than air.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Insoluble in water.
Reaktivität anzeigen
Decyl alcohol attacks plastics. REF [Handling Chemicals Safely, 1980. p. 236]. Acetyl bromide reacts violently with alcohols or water, [Merck 11th ed., 1989]. Mixtures of alcohols with concentrated sulfuric acid and strong hydrogen peroxide can cause explosions. Example: An explosion will occur if dimethylbenzylcarbinol is added to 90% hydrogen peroxide then acidified with concentrated sulfuric acid. Mixtures of ethyl alcohol with concentrated hydrogen peroxide form powerful explosives. Mixtures of hydrogen peroxide and 1-phenyl-2-methyl propyl alcohol tend to explode if acidified with 70% sulfuric acid, [Chem. Eng. News 45(43):73(1967); J, Org. Chem. 28:1893(1963)]. Alkyl hypochlorites are violently explosive. They are readily obtained by reacting hypochlorous acid and alcohols either in aqueous solution or mixed aqueous-carbon tetrachloride solutions. Chlorine plus alcohols would similarly yield alkyl hypochlorites. They decompose in the cold and explode on exposure to sunlight or heat. Tertiary hypochlorites are less unstable than secondary or primary hypochlorites, [NFPA 491 M, 1991]. Base-catalysed reactions of isocyanates with alcohols should be carried out in inert solvents. Such reactions in the absence of solvents often occur with explosive violence, [Wischmeyer(1969)].
Health Hazard
Direct contact can produce eye irritation; low general toxicity.
Brandgefahr
HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.
Chemische Reaktivität
Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reaction; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.
Sicherheitsprofil
Moderately toxic by
skin contact. Wdly toxic by ingestion and
inhalation. A severe human skin and eye
irritant. Experimental reproductive effects.
Questionable carcinogen with experimental
tumorigenic data. Combustible when
exposed to heat or flame; can react with
oxidzing materials. To fight fire, use foam,
CO2, dry chemical. When heated to
decomposition it emits acrid smoke and
irritating fumes. See also ALCOHOLS.
Carcinogenicity
1-Decanol showed weak to
moderate tumor-promoting activity when applied three
times a week for 60 weeks to the skin of female Swiss
mice that previously received an initiating dose of dimethylbenz[
a]anthracene .
Stoffwechsel
See alcohol C-8.
läuterung methode
Fractionally distil n-decanol in an all-glass unit at 10mm pressure (b 110o), then fractionally crystallise by partial freezing. Also purify by preparative GLC, and by passage through alumina before use. [Beilstein 1 IV 1815.]
1-Decanol Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
