Aceton Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
FARBLOSE FLüSSIGKEIT MIT CHARAKTERISTISCHEM GERUCH.
PHYSIKALISCHE GEFAHREN
Die Dämpfe sind schwerer als Luft und können sich am Boden ausbreiten. Fernzündung möglich.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Bildung explosionsfähiger Peroxide bei Kontakt mit starken Oxidationsmitteln wie Essigsäure, Salpetersäure, Wasserstoffperoxid. Reagiert mit Chloroform und Bromoform in Gegenwart von Alkali. Feuer- und Explosionsgefahr. Greift Kunststoffe an.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: 500 ppm (als TWA); 750 ppm (als STEL); Krebskategorie A4 (nicht klassifizierbar als krebserzeugend für den Menschen); BEI vorhanden; (ACGIH 2005).
MAK: 500 ppm, 1200 mg/m? Spitzenbegrenzung: überschreitungsfaktor I(2); Schwangerschaft: Gruppe D; (DFG 2006).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation und über die Haut.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Beim Verdampfen bei 20 °C kann schnell eine gesundheitsschädliche Kontamination der Luft eintreten, beim Dispergieren jedoch viel schneller.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Der Dampf reizt die Augen und die Atmungsorgane. Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf Zentralnervensystem, Leber, Nieren und Magendarmtrakt.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
Wiederholter oder andauernder Hautkontakt kann Dermatitis hervorrufen. Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf Blut und Knochenmark.
LECKAGE
Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Umgebungsluftunabhängiges Atemschutzgerät. Belüftung. Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit in abdichtbaren Behältern sammeln. Reste mit Sand oder inertem Absorptionsmittel aufnehmen und an einen sicheren Ort bringen. NICHT in die Kanalisation spülen. Dann mit viel Wasser wegspülen.
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R11:Leichtentzündlich.
R36:Reizt die Augen.
R66:Wiederholter Kontakt kann zu spröder oder rissiger Haut führen.
R67:Dämpfe können Schläfrigkeit und Benommenheit verursachen.
R39/23/24/25:Giftig: ernste Gefahr irreversiblen Schadens durch Einatmen, Berührung mit der Haut und durch Verschlucken.
R23/24/25:Giftig beim Einatmen, Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S9:Behälter an einem gut gelüfteten Ort aufbewahren.
S16:Von Zündquellen fernhalten - Nicht rauchen.
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S36/37:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzkleidung tragen.
Aussehen Eigenschaften
C3H6O; 2-Propanon, Propanon, Dimethylketon. Farblose, charakteristisch riechende Flüssigkeit.
Gefahren für Mensch und Umwelt
Reizt die Augen. Wiederholter Kontakt kann zu spöder Haut führen. Aufnahme grösserer Mengen durch Inhalation führt zu Schläfrigkeit und Benommenheit.
Leicht entzündlich.
Nicht mit Alkalihydroxiden, Halogenen, Halogenkohlenwasserstoffen/Alkalihydoxiden, Halogen-Halogenverbindungen, Oxidationsmitteln(z.B. CrO
3, Peroxiden, Salpetersäure, Nitriersäure), Halogenoxiden, Alkalimetallen, Nitrosylverbindungen, Metallen und Ethanolamin in Berührung bringen.
Gefährliche Zersetzungsprodukte sind Peroxide.
LD
50 (oral, Ratte): 5800 mg/kg
Schutzmaßnahmen und Verhaltensregeln
Geeignete Schutzhandschuhe als kurzzeitiger Spritzschutz.
Verhalten im Gefahrfall
Für Frischluft sorgen. Dämpfe nicht einatmen.
Nicht in die Kanalisation gelangen lassen.
Mit flüssigkeitsbindendem Material aufnehmen. Der Entsorgung zuführen. Nachreinigen.
Wasser, Kohlendioxid.
Brennbar. Mit Luft Bildung explosionsfähiger Gemische möglich. Dämpfe schwerer als Luft.
Erste Hilfe
Nach Hautkontakt: Mit reichlich Wasser abwaschen.
Nach Augenkontakt: Bei geöffnetem Lidspalt mit reichlich fliessendem Wasser (Augendusche!) mindestens 15 Minuten ausspülen. Sofort Augenarzt hinzuziehen.
Nach Einatmen: Frischluft. Arzt hinzuziehen.
Nach Verschlucken: Reichlich Wasser trinken. Erbrechen wegen Aspirationsgefahr vermeiden. Nachgabe von 20 - 40 g Aktivkohle als 10%ige Aufschlämmung in Wasser. Arzt hinzuziehen.
Nach Kleidungskontakt: Kontaminierte Kleidung entfernen.
Ersthelfer: siehe gesonderten Anschlag
Sachgerechte Entsorgung
Als halogenfreie, organische Lösemittelabfälle.
Beschreibung
Acetone is a flammable, colorless liquid with a pleasant odor. It is used widely as an organic
solvent and in the chemical industry. It is the simplest ketone, which also goes by the name
dimethyl ketone (DMK). Acetone was originally referred to as pyroacetic spirit because it was
obtained from the destructive distillation of acetates and acetic acid.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Acetone, CH3COCH3, also known as 2-propanone and dimethylketone, is a colorless, volatile,flammable liquid that boils at 56°C (133 OF). It is misciblewith water and is oftenused as a solventin the manufacture of lacquers and paints.
Physikalische Eigenschaften
Clear, colorless, liquid with a sweet, fragrant odor. Sweetish taste. Odor threshold concentrations
ranged from 42 ppm
v (Nagata and Takeuchi, 1990) to 100 ppm
v (Leonardos et al., 1969).
Experimentally determined detection and recognition odor threshold concentrations were 48
mg/m
3 (20 ppm
v) and 78 mg/m
3 (33 ppm
v), respectively (Hellman and Small, 1974).
Occurrence
Reported found in apple, pear, grape, pineapple, strawberry, raspberry, tomato, black currant, citrus, onion and
potato; also reported found in cocoa leaves, in Mexican goosefoot and in the oils of coriander and lavender. In trace amounts it has
been reportedly identified in the oil of bitter orange, in distilled wine and in coffee aroma
History
The traditional method of producing acetone in the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century was to distill acetates, particularly calcium acetate, Ca(C
2H
3O
2)
2.
Weizmann discovered a process to produce butyl alcohol and acetone from the bacterium Clostridium acetobutylicum in 1914. With England’s urgent demand for acetone, Winston Churchill (1874–1965) enlisted Weizmann to develop the Weizmann process for acetone production on an industrial scale. Fermentation and distillation techniques for acetone production were replaced starting in the 1950s with the cumene oxidation process . In this process, cumene is oxidized to cumene hydroperoxide, which is then decomposed using acid to acetone and phenol. This is the primary method used to produce phenol, and acetone is produced as a co-product in the process, with a yield of about 0.6:1 of acetone to phenol.
Verwenden
Acetone′s luminesence intensity is dependent upon the solution components 1. The absorption of UV light by acetone, results in its photolysis and the production of radials 1.
Definition
ChEBI: A methyl ketone that consists of propane bearing an oxo group at C2.
Vorbereitung Methode
Acetone is obtained by fermentation as a by-product of n-butyl
alcohol manufacture, or by chemical synthesis from isopropyl
alcohol; from cumene as a by-product in phenol manufacture; or
from propane as a by-product of oxidation-cracking.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
A clear colorless liquid with a sweetish odor. Flash point 0°F. Less dense than water. Vapors are heavier than air. Used as a solvent in paint and nail polish removers.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Highly flammable. Water soluble.
Reaktivität anzeigen
Acetone was reported that a mixture of Acetone and chloroform, in a residue bottle, exploded. Since addition of Acetone to chloroform in the presence of base will result in a highly exothermic reaction, Acetone is thought that a base was in the bottle [MCA Case History 1661. 1970]. Also, Nitrosyl chloride, sealed in a tube with a residue of Acetone in the presence of platinum catalyst, gave an explosive reaction [Chem. Eng. News 35(43):60. 1967]. The reaction of nitrosyl perchlorate and Acetone ignites and explodes. Explosions occur with mixtures of nitrosyl perchlorate and primary amine [Ann. Chem. 42:2031. 1909]. Reacts violently with nitric acid. Also causes exothermic reaction when in contact with aldehydes.
Health Hazard
The acute toxicity of acetone is low. Acetone is primarily a central nervous system depressant at high concentrations (greater than 12,000 ppm). Unacclimated volunteers exposed to 500 ppm acetone experienced eye and nasal irritation, but it has been reported that 1000 ppm for an 8-hour day produced no effects other than slight transient irritation to eyes, nose, and throat. Therefore there are good warning properties for those unaccustomed to working with acetone; however, frequent use of acetone seems to cause accommodation to its slight irritating properties. Acetone is practically nontoxic by ingestion. A case of a man swallowing 200 mL of acetone resulted in his becoming stuporous after 1 hour and then comatose; he regained consciousness 12 hour later. Acetone is slightly irritating to the skin, and prolonged contact may cause dermatitis. Liquid acetone produces moderate transient eye irritation. Acetone has not been found to be carcinogenic in animal tests or to have effects on reproduction or fertility.
Brandgefahr
HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.
Flammability and Explosibility
Acetone is extremely flammable (NFPA rating = 3), and its vapor can travel a
considerable distance to an ignition source and "flash back." Acetone vapor forms
explosive mixtures with air at concentrations of 2 to 13% (by volume). Carbon
dioxide or dry chemical extinguishers should be used for acetone fires.
Pharmazeutische Anwendungen
Acetone is used as a solvent or cosolvent in topical preparations,
and as an aid in wet granulation.It has also been used when
formulating tablets with water-sensitive active ingredients, or to
solvate poorly water-soluble binders in a wet granulation process.
Acetone has also been used in the formulation of microspheres to
enhance drug release.Owing to its low boiling point, acetone has
been used to extract thermolabile substances from crude drugs.
Industrielle Verwendung
Acetone is valuable solvent component in
acrylic/nitrocellulose automotive lacquers. Acetone is the solvent of choice in film
coatings operations which use vinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer
formulations.Other ketones that may be used in these film coating operations include methyl isobutyl ketone, ethyl n-amyl ketone, and diisobutyl ketone.Acetone, blends of MIBK and MEK, methyl namyl
ketone, ethyl n-amyl ketone, and diisobutyl ketone are all useful solvents
for vinyl resin copolymers. The presence of one of the slower evaporating
ketones in the solvent blend prevents quick drying, improves flow, and gives
blush resistance to the coating. Acetone is also used as a resin thinner in polyester
resins and as a clean up solvent for the resin reactor kettle.In solvents industry, Acetone is a component of solvent blends in
urethane, nitrile rubber, and neoprene industrial adhesives.Acetone is the
primary solvent in resin-type adhesives and pressure sensitive chlorinated rubber
adhesives. Acetone also can be used to extract fats, oils, waxes, and resins from
natural products, to dewax lubricating oils, and to extract certain essential oils.Acetone is also an important chemical intermediate in the
preparation of several oxygenated solvents including the ketones, diacetone alcohol,
mesityl oxide, methyl isobutyl ketone, and isophorone.
Sicherheit(Safety)
Acetone is considered moderately toxic, and is a skin irritant and
severe eye irritant. Skin irritation has been reported due to its
defatting action, and prolonged inhalation may result in headaches.
Inhalation of acetone can produce systemic effects such as
conjunctival irritation, respiratory system effects, nausea, and
vomiting.
LD
50 (mouse, oral): 3.0 g/kg
LD
50 (mouse, IP): 1.297 g/kg
LD
50 (rabbit, oral): 5.340 g/kg
LD
50 (rabbit, skin): 0.2 g/kg
LD
50 (rat, IV): 5.5 g/kg
LD
50 (rat, oral): 5.8 g/kg
mögliche Exposition
It is used as a solvent in nail polish remover and many other chemicals. Used in the production of lubricating oils and as an intermediate in the manufacture of chloroform and of various pharmaceuticals and pesticides.
Carcinogenicity
Acetone may be weakly genotoxic, but the
majority of assays were negative.7 It was not
tumorigenic in skin painting studies in mice.
The 2003 ACGIH threshold limit valuetime-
weighted average (TLV-TWA) for
acetone is 750ppm (1780mg/m3) with a
short-term excursion level of 1000ppm
(2380mg/m3).
Environmental Fate
Biological. Following a lag time of 20 to 25 h, acetone degraded in activated sludge (30 mg/L)
at a rate constant ranging from 0.016 to 0.020/h (Urano and Kato, 1986). Soil bacteria can mineralize acetone to carbon dioxide (Taylor et al., 1980). Bridié et al. (1979) reported BOD and
COD values of 1.85 and 1.92 g/g using filtered effluent from a biological sanitary waste treatment
plant. These values were determined using a standard dilution method at 20 °C for a period of 5 d.
Similarly, Heukelekian and Rand (1955) reported a 5-d BOD value of 0.85 g/g which is 38.5% of
the ThOD value of 2.52 g/g. Waggy et al. (1994) reported 5, 15, and 28-d BOD values of 14, 74,
and 74%, respectively. Using the BOD technique to measure biodegradation, the mean 5-d BOD
value (mM BOD/mM acetone) and ThOD were 1.52 and 38.0%, respectively (Vaishnav et al.,
1987).
Photolytic. Photolysis of acetone in air yields carbon monoxide and free radicals, but in
isopropanol, pinacol is formed (Calvert and Pitts, 1966). Photolysis of acetone vapor with nitrogen
dioxide via a mercury lamp gave peroxyacetyl nitrate as the major product with smaller quantities
of methyl nitrate (Warneck and Zerbach, 1992).
Chemical/Physical. Hypochlorite ions, formed by the chlorination of water for disinfection
purposes, may react with acetone to form chloroform. This reaction is expected to be significant
within the pH range of 6 to 7 (Stevens et al., 1976).
Lager
Acetone should be
used only in areas free of ignition sources, and quantities greater than 1 liter should
be stored in tightly sealed metal containers in areas separate from oxidizers.
Versand/Shipping
UN1090 Acetone, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid
Inkompatibilitäten
Acetone reacts violently with oxidizing agents, chlorinated solvents,
and alkali mixtures. It reacts vigorously with sulfur dichloride,
potassium t-butoxide, and hexachloromelamine. Acetone should
not be used as a solvent for iodine, as it forms a volatile compound
that is extremely irritating to the eyes.
Waste disposal
Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal. Incineration.
Regulatory Status
Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (inhalation
solution; oral tablets; topical preparations). Included in the
Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients. Included
in nonparenteral medicines licensed in the UK.
Aceton Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
PYRIDINE-2-SULFONIC ACID
Chalkon
Pyridazin-3-amine
Orciprenalin
p-(Benzyloxy)phenethylalkohol
PROPIONAMIDINE
CHEMBRDG-BB 6088138
9,10-Dihydro-9,9-dimethylacridin
3-(-Hydroxyphenethyl)-2-imino thiazolidine
2-(4-(CHLOROMETHYL)THIAZOL-2-YL)GUANIDINE
1-Phenylethanone phenylhydrazone
7-Methoxycumarin
Pentaerithrityltetranitrat
7-Ethoxycumarin
2-Iodacetamid
Benzophenon-3,3':4,4'-tetracarbonsaeuredianhydrid
Ethoxychin
4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)but-3-en-2-on
Dimethyl-(2-oxopropyl)phosphonat
1,1,3,3-TETRABROMOACETONE
Amikacin sulfate salt
Triiodmethan
4-CARBOXYPHENYL ISOTHIOCYANATE
Amikacinbis(sulfat)
3,5,5-Trimethyl-2-cyclohex-2-enon
5-Methoxy-2-methylindol
3,4-DIHYDRO-2H-1,5-BENZODIOXEPINE-7-CARBALDEHYDE
4-(2-THIENYL)BUT-3-EN-2-ONE
Epinephrin
H-GLU-LYS-OH
2,5-Dichlorothiophene-3-sulfonamide
2-(MORPHOLINE-4-CARBONYL)-BENZOIC ACID
2-Bromdodecansure
Cinchophen
2-Methyl-3-butin-2-ol
3-(Dimethylamino)propiophenonhydrochlorid
1,1,3,3-Tetramethyl-1,3-divinyldisiloxan
3-Methyl-2-thenoesure
methyl 3,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinazoline-7-carboxylate
7-ALLYLOXYCOUMARIN
