Isobutanol Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
FARBLOSE FLüSSIGKEIT MIT CHARAKTERISTISCHEM GERUCH.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Reagiert mit Aluminium, starken Oxidationsmitteln wie Chromtrioxid; Bildung brennbarer/explosionsfähiger Gase (z.B. Wasserstoff, ICSC-Nr. 0001). Greift einige Kunststoff-, Gummi- und Beschichtungsarten an.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: 50 ppm (als TWA); (ACGIH 2005).
MAK: 100 ppm, 310 mg/m? Spitzenbegrenzung: überschreitungsfaktor I(1); Schwangerschaft: Gruppe C; (DFG 2005).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation der Dämpfe und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Beim Verdampfen bei 20°C tritt langsam eine gesundheitsschädliche Kontamination der Luft ein.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Substanz reizt die Haut und reizt stark die Augen Exposition weit oberhalb der Arbeitsplatzgrenzwerte kann Bewusstseinstrübung verursachen. Verschlucken kann zur Aufnahme in der Lunge führen; Gefahr der Aspirationspneumonie.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
Die Flüssigkeit entfettet die Haut.
LECKAGE
Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzfilter für organische Gase und Dämpfe. Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit in abdichtbaren Behältern sammeln. Reste mit Sand oder inertem Absorptionsmittel aufnehmen und an einen sicheren Ort bringen. Reste mit viel Wasser wegspülen.
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R10:Entzündlich.
R37/38:Reizt die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
R41:Gefahr ernster Augenschäden.
R67:Dämpfe können Schläfrigkeit und Benommenheit verursachen.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S13:Von Nahrungsmitteln, Getränken und Futtermitteln fernhalten.
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S46:Bei Verschlucken sofort ärztlichen Rat einholen und Verpackung oder Etikett vorzeigen.
S7/9:Behälter dicht geschlossen an einem gut gelüfteten Ort aufbewahren.
Beschreibung
Isobutyl alcohol has a disagreeable odor. May be prepared from
isobutylene; by reduction of isobutyraldehyde with sodium amalgam or in the presence of a catalyst; by fermentation of isobutyraldehyde; isolated during fermentation of carbohydrates.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Isobutyl alcohol has a penetrating, wine-like, disagreeable odor
Physikalische Eigenschaften
Clear, colorless, oily liquid with a sweet, musty odor. Burning taste. The average least detectable
odor threshold concentration in water at 60 °C was 0.36 mg/L (Alexander et al., 1982).
Experimentally determined detection and recognition odor threshold concentrations were 2.0
mg/m
3 (660 ppb
v) and 5.4 mg/m
3 (1.8 ppm
v), respectively (Hellman and Small, 1974). An odor
threshold concentration of 11 ppb
v was reported by Nagata and Takeuchi (1990).
Occurrence
Reported found in the essential oils of Java citronella, tea, Eucalyptus amygdalina. Also reported in apple and
currant aromas; in apricots, banana, sweet cherry, orange, grapefruit and tangerine juice, berries, guava, grapes, melon, papaya, pear,
pineapple, leek, peas, rutabaga, tomato, ginger, spearmint oil, vinegar, breads, cheeses, milk, fish oil, meats, hop oil, beer, cognac,
rum, whiskies, sherry, cider, grape wines, cocoa, tea, coffee, nuts, oats, soybean, avocado, olive, passion fruit, plum, beans, mango,
starfruit, bantu beer, plum brandy, tamarind, fig, cardamom, gin, quince, radish, prickly pear, litchi, sukiyaki, lovage leaf, buckwheat,
sweet corn, laurel, malt, wort, elderberry juice, dried bonito, krill, kiwifruit, loquat, fruit brandies and wines, endive, shrimp, truffle,
red currants, Roman chamomile oil and other sources.
Verwenden
2-Methyl-1-propanol (Isobutyl alcohol) may be used to prepare the isobutyl alcohol-benzene solution for use in the quantification of inorganic phosphates. It may be used for the estimation of phosphate (inorganic phosphorous) by a colorimetric method.
Definition
ChEBI: Isobutanol is an alkyl alcohol that is propan-1-ol substituted by a methyl group at position 2. It has a role as a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite. It is a primary alcohol and an alkyl alcohol. It derives from a hydride of an isobutane.
Vorbereitung Methode
Isobutanol is commercially produced almost exclusively by
the hydrogenation of isobutyraldehyde obtained from propylene
using the oxo process.
synthetische
From isobutylene; by reduction of isobutyraldehyde with sodium amalgam or in the presence of a catalyst; by fermentation
of isobutyraldehyde; isolated during fermentation of carbohydrates
Allgemeine Beschreibung
A clear colorless liquid with a sweet odor. Flash point 85 - 100°F. Less dense than water. Vapors heavier than air.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Highly flammable. Soluble in water.
Reaktivität anzeigen
2-Methyl-1-propanol is an alcohol. Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of alcohols with alkali metals, nitrides, and strong reducing agents. They react with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to form esters plus water. Oxidizing agents convert them to aldehydes or ketones. Alcohols exhibit both weak acid and weak base behavior. They may initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides. 2-Methyl-1-propanol is incompatible with strong oxidizers.
Hazard
Flammable, moderate fire risk. Strong irritant.
Health Hazard
Inhalation causes eye and throat irritation andheadache. Ingestion may cause depression ofthe central nervous system. It is an irritantto the skin, causing cracking. Target organsare the eyes, skin, and respiratory system.
LD50 value, oral (rabbits): 3750 mg/kg.
Brandgefahr
HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.
mögliche Exposition
Butyl alcohols are used as solvents for
paints, lacquers, varnishes, natural and synthetic resins,
gums, vegetable oils, dyes, camphor, and alkaloids. They
are also used as an intermediate in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and chemicals; in the manufacture of artificial
leather, safety glass; rubber and plastic cements, shellac,
raincoats, photographic films, perfumes; and in plastic
fabrication.
Carcinogenicity
Nineteen Wistar rats were dosed
with 0.2mL of isobutanol twice weekly by oral intubation.
The average survival time was 495 days. It was reported that
malignant tumors developed in three animals; one had a
forestomach carcinoma and a liver cell carcinoma, another
had a forestomach carcinoma and myelogenous leukemia,
and the third, a myelogenous leukemia. In the same
study, 24 rats were injected subcutaneously with 0.05 mL/kg
twice weekly. The average survival time was 544 days. A
total of eight malignant tumors developed: two forestomach
carcinomas, two liver sarcomas, one spleen sarcoma, one
mesothelioma, and two retroperitoneal sarcomas.
Increased incidences of total tumors were observed by
both routes of administration, but there was no significant
increased incidence of any tumor type at any site. This study
is considered inappropriate for cancer risk assessment.
Versand/Shipping
UN1120 Butanols, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3—
Flammable liquid. UN1212 Isobutanol or Isobutyl alcohol,
Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3—Flammable liquid
läuterung methode
Isobutanol is dried by refluxing with CaO and BaO for several hours, followed by treatment with calcium or aluminium amalgam, then fractional distilling it from sulfanilic or tartaric acids. More exhaustive purifications involve formation of phthalate or borate esters. Heating it with phthalic anhydride gives the acid phthalate which, after crystallisation to constant melting point (m 65o) from pet ether, is hydrolysed with aqueous 15% KOH. The alcohol is distilled off as the water azeotrope and dried (K2CO3, then anhydrous CuSO4), and finally magnesium turnings, followed by fractional distillation. [Hückel & Ackermann J Prakt Chem 136 15 1933.] The borate ester is formed by heating the dried alcohol for 6hours in an autoclave at 160-175o with a quarter of its weight of boric acid. After fractional distillation under vacuum, the ester is hydrolysed by heating for a short time with aqueous alkali and the alcohol is dried with CaO and distilled. [Michael et al. J Am Chem Soc 38 653 1916.] Alternatively dry the alcohol with K2CO3, CaSO4 or CaCl2, filter and fractionally distil it. For further drying, the redistilled alcohol can be refluxed with the appropriate alkyl phthalate or succinate as described under ethanol. [Beilstein 1 IV 1588.]
Inkompatibilitäten
Butyl alcohols may form explosive mixture with air. In all cases they are Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates,
perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may
cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. Attacks
some plastics, rubber and coatings. n-Butanol is incompatible with strong acids; halogens, caustics, alkali metals; aliphatic amines; isocyanates. sec-Butanol forms an explosive
peroxide in air. Ignites with chromium trioxide.
Incompatible with strong oxidizers; strong acids; aliphatic
amines; isocyanates, organic peroxides. tert-Butanol is
incompatible with strong acids (including mineral acid),
including mineral acids; strong oxidizers or caustics, aliphatic amines; isocyanates, alkali metals (i.e., lithium,
sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, francium). isoButanol is incompatible with strong acids; strong oxidizers;
caustics, aliphatic amines; isocyanates, alkali metals and
alkali earth. May react with aluminum at high temperatur
Waste disposal
Incineration, or bury absorbed
waste in an approved land fill.
Isobutanol Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
But-1-en
1-Chlor-2-methylpropan
Ethinylestradiol
Isobutylmethacrylat
polyesters containing quarternary ammonium groups
Isobutylheptanoat
Isobutylbutyrat
Isobutylphenylacetat
5,12-Dihydrochino[2,3-b]acridin-7,14-dion
Isobutyl-4-hydroxybenzoat
1-Brom-2-methylpropan
1-Iod-2-methylpropan
Isobutylcinnamat
L-Valin
Potassium isobutylxanthate
Pivalinsäure
Isobutyl-2-butenoat
BEPRIDIL
Isobutylfuran-2-propionat
N,N-DIPHENYLQUINACRIDONE
Pigment Red 122
4'-tert-Butyl-2',6'-dimethyl-3',5'-dinitroacetophenon
tert-Butylperoxypivalat
Diisobutylphthalat
Isobutylpropionat
3-Methylbutylisobutyrat
Dibutylphthalat
N,N'-Dimethylquinacridone
9,10-Anthracendion, 1,4-Diamino-, N,N'-gemischte 2-Hydroxyethyl und Methylderivate
Isobutylisobutyrat
2-Hydroxybenzoesäure-2-methylpropylester
2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-kresol
Natrium-O-isobutyldithiocarbonat
Isobutylacetat
α-D-Glucopyranosid, β-D-Fructofuranosyl-, Octadecanoat
Isobutylamin
Isobutylacetoacetat
Diisobutyl-3,9-perylendicarboxylat
Isobutylhexanoat
Isobutyronitril
