Zinn

Tin Struktur
7440-31-5
CAS-Nr.
7440-31-5
Bezeichnung:
Zinn
Englisch Name:
Tin
Synonyma:
wang;TIN POWDER;STANNUM;TIN GRANULES;TIN STANDARD SOLUTION;TIN METAL;Sn powder;Tin element;TIN;G-Sn
CBNumber:
CB3190047
Summenformel:
Sn
Molgewicht:
118.71
MOL-Datei:
7440-31-5.mol

Zinn Eigenschaften

Schmelzpunkt:
231.9 °C (lit.)
Siedepunkt:
2270 °C (lit.)
Dichte
7.310 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Dampfdruck
1Pa at 1223.85℃
Flammpunkt:
2270°C
storage temp. 
no restrictions.
Löslichkeit
H2O: soluble
Aggregatzustand
wire
Farbe
Silvery-gray
Wichte
7.31
Widerstand (resistivity)
11 μΩ-cm, 20°C
Wasserlöslichkeit
reacts slowly with cold dilute HCl, dilute HNO3, hot dilute H2SO4; readily with conc HCl, aqua regia [MER06]
Crystal Structure
Cubic, Alpha-Tin; Diamond Structure - Space Group Fd3m
Merck 
13,9523
Expositionsgrenzwerte
ACGIH: Ceiling 2 ppm
OSHA: Ceiling 5 ppm(7 mg/m3)
NIOSH: IDLH 50 ppm; Ceiling 5 ppm(7 mg/m3)
Stabilität:
Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Highly flammable as a powder. Can, in powder form, lead to dust explosions. Moisture sensitive.
InChIKey
OLGIDLDDXHSYFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Datenbank
7440-31-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA chemische Informationen
Tin (7440-31-5)
Sicherheit
  • Risiko- und Sicherheitserklärung
  • Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)
Kennzeichnung gefährlicher Xi,F,C
R-Sätze: 36/37/38-36/37-11-36/38-34-20/21/22
S-Sätze: 26-24/25-22-36/37/39-33-16-36/37-45
RIDADR  UN 3264 8/PG 2
WGK Germany  1
RTECS-Nr. XP7320000
10
TSCA  Yes
HazardClass  4.1
PackingGroup  III
HS Code  80070080
Giftige Stoffe Daten 7440-31-5(Hazardous Substances Data)
Bildanzeige (GHS) GHS hazard pictogramsGHS hazard pictograms
Alarmwort Warnung
Gefahrenhinweise
Code Gefahrenhinweise Gefahrenklasse Abteilung Alarmwort Symbol P-Code
H228 Entzündbarer Feststoff. Entzündbare Feststoffe Kategorie 1 Achtung
Warnung
P210, P240,P241, P280, P370+P378
H319 Verursacht schwere Augenreizung. Schwere Augenreizung Kategorie 2 Warnung P264, P280, P305+P351+P338,P337+P313P
H335 Kann die Atemwege reizen. Spezifische Zielorgan-Toxizität (einmalige Exposition) Kategorie 3 (Atemwegsreizung) Warnung
Sicherheit
P210 Von Hitze, heißen Oberflächen, Funken, offenen Flammen und anderen Zündquellenarten fernhalten. Nicht rauchen.
P240 Behälter und zu befüllende Anlage erden.
P241 Explosionsgeschützte [elektrische/Lüftungs-/ Beleuchtungs-/...] Geräte verwenden.
P280 Schutzhandschuhe/Schutzkleidung/Augenschutz tragen.
P305+P351+P338 BEI KONTAKT MIT DEN AUGEN: Einige Minuten lang behutsam mit Wasser spülen. Eventuell vorhandene Kontaktlinsen nach Möglichkeit entfernen. Weiter spülen.

Zinn Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

ERSCHEINUNGSBILD

WEISSES KRISTALLINES PULVER.

CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN

Reagiert mit starken Oxidationsmitteln.

ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE

TLV: (als Sn) 2 mg/m?(als TWA); (ACGIH 2005).
MAK: IIb (nicht festgelegt, aber Informationen vorhanden) (DFG 2005).

INHALATIONSGEFAHREN

Eine gesundheitsschädliche Partikelkonzentration in der Luft kann schnell erreicht werden, besonders als Pulver.

WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION

WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION:
Reizt möglicherweise die Atemwege mechanisch.

WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION

Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf die Lunge. Führt zu einer gutartigen Pneumokoniose (Stannose).

LECKAGE

Verschüttetes Material in abgedeckten Behältern sammeln; falls erforderlich durch Anfeuchten Staubentwicklung verhindern. Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzgerät, P2-Filter für schädliche Partikel.

R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
R36/37:Reizt die Augen und die Atmungsorgane.
R11:Leichtentzündlich.
R36/38:Reizt die Augen und die Haut.

S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S24/25:Berührung mit den Augen und der Haut vermeiden.
S22:Staub nicht einatmen.
S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S33:Maßnahmen gegen elektrostatische Aufladungen treffen.
S16:Von Zündquellen fernhalten - Nicht rauchen.
S36/37:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzkleidung tragen.

Beschreibung

Tin has a long, colorful history. The extraction and use of tin began during the Bronze Age around 3000 BC when early craftsmen discovered that bronze – a noncorrosive metal that is extremely hard and strong enough to be used for spears, swords, arrows, and other especially important objects at that time – could be produced by smelting tin with copper. Tin is also the primary constituent of pewter. Long ago, people developed the belief that trace amounts of tin seemed to help prevent fatigue and depression, and that drinking out of tin cups could help combat these ailments. Tin toys, tin coated cans, and tin roofs have also enjoyed great popularity in the past.

Chemische Eigenschaften

Tin is a gray to almost silver-white, ductile, malleable, lustrous metal.

Physikalische Eigenschaften

Tin is a soft, silvery-white metal located in the carbon group, similar in appearance to freshcutaluminum. When polished, it takes on a bluish tint caused by a thin protective coatingof oxidized tin. This property makes it useful as a coating for other metals. It is malleable andductile, meaning it can be pounded, rolled, and formed into many shapes, as well as “pulled”into wires through a die.
There are two allotropes of tin. One is known as gray or alpha (α) tin, which is not verystable. The other is known as white tin or beta (β), which is the most common allotrope. Thetwo forms (allotropes) of tin are dependent on temperature and crystalline structure. Whitetin is stable at about 13.2°C. Below this temperature, it turns into the unstable gray alphaform. There is also a lesser-known third allotrope of tin called “brittle tin,” which exists above161°C. Its name is derived from its main property.
Tin’s melting point is 231.93°C, its boiling point is 2,602°C, and the density is 5.75 g/cm3for the gray allotrope (alpha) and 7.287 g/cm3 for the white allotrope (beta).

Isotopes

There are 49 isotopes of tin, 10 of which are stable and range from Sn-112to Sn-124. Taken together, all 10 stable isotopes make up the natural abundance of tinfound on Earth. The remaining 39 isotopes are radioactive and are produced artificially innuclear reactors. Their half-lives range from 190 milliseconds to 1×10+5 years.

Origin of Name

The name “tin” is thought to be related to the pre-Roman Etruscan god Tinia, and the chemical symbol (Sn) comes from stannum, the Latin word for tin.

Occurrence

Tin is the 49th most abundant element found in the Earth’s crust. Although tin is nota rare element, it accounts for about 0.001% of the Earth’s crust. It is found in deposits inMalaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Bolivia, Congo, Nigeria, and China. Today, most tin is minedas the mineral ore cassiterite (SnO2), also known as tinstone, in Malaysia. Cassiterite is tin’smain ore. There are no significant deposits found in the United States, but small deposits arefound on the southeast coast of England. To extract tin from cassiterite, the ore is “roasted” ina furnace in the presence of carbon, thereby reducing the metal from the slag.

Charakteristisch

Although tin is located in group 14 as a metalloid, it retains one of the main characteristicsof metals: in reacting with other elements, it gives up electrons, forming positive ions just asdo all metals.
Tin has a relatively low melting point (about 231°C or 4,715°F), and it reacts with someacids and strong alkalis, but not with hot water. Its resistance to corrosion is the main characteristicthat makes it a useful metal.
There is an interesting historical event related to the two main allotropes of tin. At temperaturesbelow 13 degrees centigrade, “white” tin is slowly transformed into “gray” tin, whichis unstable at low temperatures, and during the brutally cold winter of 1850 in Russia, thetin buttons sewn on soldiers’ uniforms crumbled as the tin changed forms. In the 1800s, tinwas also widely used for pots, pans, drinking cups, and dinner flatware. However, at very lowtemperatures, these implements also disintegrated as their chemical structure was altered.

Verwenden

Chiefly for tin-plating and manufacture of food, beverage and aerosol containers, soldering alloys, babbitt and type metals, manufacture of tin salts, collapsible tubes, coating for copper wire. Principle component in pewter. Alloys as dental materials (silver-tin-mercury), nuclear reactor components (tin-zirconium), aircraft components (tin-titanium), bronze (copper-tin), brass.

Definition

Metallic element of atomic number 50, group IVA of the periodic system, aw 118.69, valences of 2, 4; 10 isotopes.

Vorbereitung Methode

Tin is relatively rare, composing only about 0.0006% in the earth’s crust. The major tin ore is cassiterite, a naturally occurring tin (IV) oxide (SnO2). The other major tin-containing minerals are stannate, teallite, cylindrite, and canfieldite that are sulfides of tin.

Allgemeine Beschreibung

White TIN is an almost silver-white, ductile, malleable, lustrous solid. Mp 232°C; bp: 2507°C. Density: 7.3 g cm-3. Pure white TIN becomes non-metallic powdery gray TIN if held for a sustained period at temperatures less than 13°C.

Reaktivität anzeigen

TIN is a reducing agent. Stable in massive form in air, but oxidizes (corrodes) in air as a powder, especially in the presence of water. Dissolve slowly in dilute strong acids in the cold. Dissolves in hot aqueous KOH and other strongly basic solutions. Incompatible with acids and base. Incompatible with chlorine and turpenTINe.

Hazard

Tin, as the elemental metal, is nontoxic. Most, but not all of tin’s inorganic salts and compoundsare also nontoxic.
In contrast, almost all organic tin compounds (tin compounds composed of carbon andhydrocarbons) are very toxic and should be avoided. If they are used, special equipment andcare must be taken in handling.
(Note: When chemical formulas use the letter “R” preceding an element’s symbol, it designatessome form of organic compound—for example, R4Sn. If the letter “X” follows theelement’s symbol in a formula, it designates some form of inorganic compound—for example,SnX2. Thus, a whole series of tin compounds could be designated as R4Sn2, R2Sn, or SnX4,SnX2, and so forth.)

Health Hazard

Inorganic tin salts are irritants of the eyes and skin. No systemic effects have been reported from industrial exposure. Some inorganic tin compounds can cause skin or eye irritation because of acid or alkaline reaction produced with water. Tin tetrachloride, stannous chloride, and stannous sulfate are strong acids; sodium and potassium stannate are strong alkalies.

Industrielle Verwendung

Hot-dip coatings can be applied to fabricatedparts made of mild and alloy steels, cast iron,and copper and copper alloys to improveappearance and corrosion resistance. Like zinc,the coatings consist of two layers — a relativelypure outer layer and an intermediate alloy layer.
An invisible surface film of stannic oxideis formed during exposure, which helps toretard, but does not completely prevent, corrosion.The coatings have good resistance to tarnishingand staining indoors, and in most rural,marine, and industrial atmospheres. They alsoresist foods. Corrosion resistance in all casescan be markedly improved by increasing thicknessand controlling porosity. Typical applicationswhere they can be used are milk cans,condenser and transformer cans, food and beveragecontainers, and various items of sanitaryequipment such as cast iron mincing machinesand grinders.

Sicherheitsprofil

An inhalation hazard. Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data by implant route. Combustible in the form of dust when exposed to heat or by spontaneous chemical reaction with Br2, BrF3, Cl2, ClF3, Cu(NO3), K2O2, S. See also POWDERED METALS and TIN COMPOUNDS.

mögliche Exposition

The most important use of tin is as a protective coating for other metals, such as in the food and beverage canning industry; in roofing tiles; silverware, coated wire; household utensils; electronic components; and pistons. Common tin alloys are phosphor bronze; light brass; gun metal; high tensile brass; manganese bronze; die-casting alloys; bearing metals; type metal; and pewter. These are used as soft solders, fillers in automobile bodies; and as coatings for hydraulic brake parts; aircraft landing gear and engine parts. Metallic tin is used in the manufacture of collapsible tubes and foil for packaging. Exposures to tin may occur in mining, smelting, and refining; and in the production and use of tin alloys and solders. Inorganic tin compounds are important industrially in the production of ceramics; porcelain, enamel, glass; and inks; in the production of fungicides; anthelmintics, insecticides; as a stabilizer it is used in polyvinyl plastics and chlorinated rubber paints; and it is used in plating baths.

Carcinogenicity

Limited animal testing with stannous chloride has not revealed evidence of carcinogenic potential. Mixed results have been observed in genotoxic assays.

Versand/Shipping

UN3089 Metal powders, flammable, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 4.1; Labels: 4.1-Flammable solid.

läuterung methode

Tin powder is purified by adding it to about twice its weight of 10% aqueousNaOH and shaking vigorously for 10minutes. (This removes oxide film and stearic acid or similar material that is sometimes added for pulverisation.) It is then filtered, washed with water until the washings are no longer alkaline to litmus, rinsed with MeOH and dried in air. [Sisido et al. J Am Chem Soc 83 538 1961.]

Inkompatibilitäten

TIN is a reducing agent. Stable in bulk form in air, but as powder it corrodes (oxidizes) in air, especially in the presence of moisture. Keep away from strong oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Incompatible with acids, alkalies, bases, chlorine, turpentine; reacts violently with acetic aldehyde, ammonium nitrate, ammonium perchlorate, hexachloroethane. Strong reducing agents may react violently with halogens, bromine fluoride, chlorine trifluoride, copper nitrate, disulfur dichloride, nitrosyl fluoride, potassium dioxide, sodium peroxide, sulfur, and other chemicals. May form explosive compounds with hexachloroethane, pentachloroethane, picric acid, potassium iodate, potassium peroxide, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-1,3,5-triol.

Zinn Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

Upstream-Materialien

Downstream Produkte


Zinn Anbieter Lieferant Produzent Hersteller Vertrieb Händler.

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7440-31-5(Zinn)Verwandte Suche:


  • Tin, reagent ACS, 30 mesh
  • Tin, reagent ACS, shot
  • TIN METAL, 99.999%
  • TIN METAL, REAGENT (ACS)
  • TIN MOSSY 99.5%
  • Tinfoil(99.99%)
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  • Tinshot(99.8%)
  • Tinshot(99.9999%)
  • Tin foil, 2.0mm (0.08in) thick, Puratronic, 99.9985% (metals basis)
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  • Tin Metal, 20 Mesh, Granular, Reagent, ACS
  • Tin Metal, 30 Mesh, Granular, Reagent, ACS
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  • Tin, powder, -325 Mesh, 99.8% 100GR
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  • TIN, 99.50%, POWDER, -100 MESH
  • Tin, 99.80%, powder, -325 mesh
  • Tin, 99.999%, powder
  • TIN, REAGENT ACS, SHOT, <100 MESH
  • Tin, powder,99.9999%
  • Tin,99.8%,powder, -325 mesh
  • Tin,99.5%,powder, -100 mesh
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  • Tin, foil 0.0125 mm thickness, 300 x 300 mm,97.5%
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  • Tin shot, tear drop, Puratronic(R), 99.99999% (metals basis)
  • Tin foil, 0.5mm (0.02in) thick, Puratronic, 99.9985% (metals basis)
  • Tin standard for AAS
  • Tin Metal, Granular, 20 Mesh, Reagent
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  • Tin foil, 1.0mm (0.04in) thick, Puratronic, 99.9985% (metals basis)
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  • Tin wire, 2.0mm (0.08in) dia, Puratronic, 99.9985% (metals basis)
  • Tin foil, 0.25mm (0.01in) thick, Puratronic, 99.998% (metals basis)
  • Tin ingot/button, ^=36MM (1.4in) dia x 8MM (0.3in) thick, 99.9% (Metals basis)
  • Tin wire,1.0MM dia.
  • AT-SN
  • AT-Sn600
  • FSn 2
  • G-Sn
  • SNE 06PB
  • SN000110
  • SN000200
  • SN000180
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