Nitrophenol Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
GELBE KRISTALLE.
PHYSIKALISCHE GEFAHREN
Staubexplosion der pulverisierten oder granulierten Substanz in Gemischen mit Luft möglich.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Kann beim Erhitzen explodieren. Beim Verbrennen Bildung von Stickstoffoxiden. Zersetzung beim Erhitzen unter Bildung giftiger Rauche mit Stickstoffoxiden. Reagiert mit starken Oxidationsmitteln.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV nicht festgelegt (ACGIH 2005).
MAK nicht festgelegt (DFG 2005).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation des Aerosols, über die Haut und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Verdampfung bei 20°C vernachlässigbar; eine gesundheitsschädliche Partikelkonzentration in der Luft kann jedoch schnell erreicht werden.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Substanz reizt die Augen, die Haut und die Atemwege. Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf das Blut mit nachfolgender Methämoglobinbildung. Die Auswirkungen treten u.U. verzögert ein. ärztliche Beobachtung notwendig.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
Wiederholter oder andauernder Hautkontakt kann zu Hautsensibilisierung führen.
LECKAGE
Verschüttetes Material in abdichtbaren Behältern sammeln. Reste sorgfältig sammeln. An sicheren Ort bringen. NICHT in die Umwelt gelangen lassen. Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzgerät, P2-Filter für schädliche Partikel.
Chemische Eigenschaften
There are three isomers of nitrophenol. The
isomer of greatest concern, and the subject of ATSDR
Toxicology Profile, is the p-isomer (4-nitrophenol). The
meta-form is produced from m-nitroaniline, and the o-and
p-isomers are produced by nitration of phenol. They are
colorless to slightly yellowish crystals with an aromatic to
sweetish odor.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
A yellow crystalline solid consisting of a mixture of chemically similar isomers. Slightly soluble in water. The primary hazard is the threat posed to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. Nitrophenol is combustible though Nitrophenol may take some effort to ignite. Burns to give toxic oxides of nitrogen. Used in the manufacture of other chemicals.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Slightly soluble in water.
Reaktivität anzeigen
Organonitrate compounds, such as Nitrophenol, range from slight to strong oxidizing agents. If mixed with reducing agents, including hydrides, sulfides and nitrides, they may begin a vigorous reaction that culminates in a detonation. The aromatic nitro compounds may explode in the presence of a base such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide even in the presence of water or organic solvents. The explosive tendencies of aromatic nitro compounds are increased by the presence of multiple nitro groups. Phenols do not behave as organic alcohols, as one might guess from the presence of a hydroxyl (-OH) group in their structure. Instead, they react as weak organic acids. Phenols and cresols are much weaker as acids than common carboxylic acids (phenol has Ka = 1.3 x 10^[-10]). These materials are incompatible with strong reducing substances such as hydrides, nitrides, alkali metals, and sulfides. Flammable gas (H2) is often generated, and the heat of the reaction may ignite the gas. Heat is also generated by the acid-base reaction between phenols and bases.
Health Hazard
TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.
Brandgefahr
Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form.
mögliche Exposition
(p-isomer): Possible risk of forming
tumors, Suspected reprotoxic hazard. Nitrophenols are used
as intermediates in production of dyes; photochemicals,
pesticides, and pharmaceuticals; in leather tanning.
Versand/Shipping
UN1663 Nitrophenols (o-; m-; p-), Hazard
Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.
Inkompatibilitäten
Nitrophenols are strong oxidizers. Reacts
violently with combustible and reducing agents. Contact
with potassium hydroxide forms an explosive mixture. May
explode on heating.
Waste disposal
Controlled incineration-care
must be taken to maintain complete combustion at all
times. Incineration of large quantities may require scrubbers
to control the emission of nitrogen oxides. In accordance
with 40CFR165, follow recommendations for the
disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers. Must be disposed
properly by following package label directions or by
contacting your local or federal environmental control
agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office. Consult
with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on
acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing
this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform with
EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment,
and waste disposal.
Nitrophenol Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
