Phenoxymethylpenicillin Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R42/43:Sensibilisierung durch Einatmen und Hautkontakt möglich.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S22:Staub nicht einatmen.
S36:DE: Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung tragen.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Crystalline Solid
Verwenden
Phenoxymethylpenicillin or penicillin V is acid-resistant and used instead of penicillin G
for oral use. It is active with respect to Gram-positive (staphylococcus, streptococcus,
pneumococcus), and Gram-negative (meningococcus, gonococcus) cocci, spirochaeta,
clostridia, and corynebacteria.
Phenoxymethylpenicillin is used for bronchitis, pneumonia, angina, scarlet fever, gonorrhea, syphilis, purulent skin and soft-tissue wounds, and other infectious diseases.
Synonyms of this drug are bermycin, isocillin, cristapen, fenospen, uticillin, and others.
Application
Phenoxymethylpenicillin was produced in the culture broth of Penicillium chrysogenum when phenoxyacetic acid was added to the medium at Biochemie in 1953. It is more stable against acid than benzylpenicillin and is used as an orally active penicillin. Its therapeutic applications are the same as those of benzylpenicillin.
Antimicrobial activity
The antibacterial spectrum and level of activity are similar to
that of benzylpenicillin. Enteric Gram-negative
bacilli are highly resistant.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
White crystalline powder.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Insoluble in water.
Reaktivität anzeigen
Stable in air up to 37%; relatively stable to acid. PENICILLIN V is incompatible with acids, oxidizing agents (especially in the presence of trace metals), heavy metal ions such as copper, lead, zinc and mercury; glycerol, sympathomimetic amines, thiomersal, wood alcohols, cetostearyl alcohol, hard paraffins, macrogols, cocoa butter and many ionic an nonionic surface-active agents. PENICILLIN V is also incompatible with alkalis, compounds leached from vulcanized rubber, hydrochlorides of tetracyclines and organic peroxides. Other incompatibilities include reducing agents, alcohols, other hydroxy compounds, self-emulsifying stearyl alcohol, emulsifying wax, lanolin, crude cholinesterated bases, glycol, sugars, amines, aminacrine hydrochloride, ephedrine, procaine, rubber tubing, thiamine hydrochloride, zinc oxide, oxidized cellulose, iodine, iodides, thiols, chlorocresol and resorcinol. PENICILLIN V may also be incompatible with naphthalene oils and vitamin B.
Health Hazard
SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to PENICILLIN V include hypersensitization, skin rashes, contact dermatitis, oral lesions, fever, eosinophilia, interstitial nephritis, angioedema, serum sickness, anaphylaxis, "Arthus" phenomenon; irritation of the Gastrointestinal tract; phlebitis; bronchoconstriction with severe asthma, or abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, extreme weakness and fall in blood pressure, diarrhea, and purpuric skin eruptions.
Brandgefahr
Flash point data for PENICILLIN V are not available; however PENICILLIN V is probably combustible.
Pharmakokinetik
Oral absorption: 40–70%
C
max 250 mg oral: 2 mg/L after 1 h
Plasma half-life: c. 0.5 h
Volume of distribution: 0.2 L/kg
Plasma protein binding: 80%
Absorption
Owing to acid stability, it is not destroyed in the stomach, but absorption is variable, about 30% remaining in the feces. Absorption is better after administration in the fasting state.
Metabolism and excretion
It is fairly extensively metabolized and degraded in the bowel. Some 60% of the dose is excreted in the urine, 25% in the unchanged form and the remainder as metabolites.
Clinical Use
In 1948, Behrens et al. reported penicillin V, phenoxymethylpenicillin(Pen Vee, V-Cillin) as a biosyntheticproduct. It was not until 1953, however, that its clinicalvalue was recognized by some European scientists. Sincethen, it has enjoyed wide use because of its resistance tohydrolysis by gastric juice and its ability to produce uniformconcentrations in blood (when administered orally). Thefree acid requires about 1,200 mL of water to dissolve 1 g, and it has an activity of 1,695 units/mg. For parenteralsolutions, the potassium salt is usually used. This salt is verysoluble in water. Solutions of it are made from the dry saltat the time of administration. Oral dosage forms of thepotassium salt are also available, providing rapid, effectiveplasma concentrations of this penicillin. The salt of phenoxymethylpenicillinwith N,N'-bis(dehydroabietyl)ethylenediamine(hydrabamine, Compocillin-V) provides a verylong-acting form of this compound. Its high water insolubilitymakes it a desirable compound for aqueous suspensionsused as liquid oral dosage forms.
Nebenwirkungen
Those common to penicillins. As with all penicillins,
patients with a history of hypersensitivity to penicillins
should be treated cautiously, as serious anaphylactic responses
may occur.
Sicherheitsprofil
Poison by intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, and intravenous routes. Human systemic effects by ingestion: impaired liver function, dermatitis, fever. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of SOx and NOx.
Phenoxymethylpenicillin Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
