2,2'-Thiobis-(4,6-dichlor-phenol) Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R28:Sehr giftig beim Verschlucken.
R20/21/22:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Einatmen,Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S28:Bei Berührung mit der Haut sofort abwaschen mit viel . . . (vom Hersteller anzugeben).
S36/37:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzkleidung tragen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S36:DE: Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung tragen.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Bithionol is a white or grayish powder with a
slight phenolic odor.
Physikalische Eigenschaften
Bithionol is virtually insoluble in water, readily soluble in ethanol, diethyl ether, acetone, glacial acetic acid, and dilute alkalis.
Verwenden
anthelmintic, antiseptic
Definition
ChEBI: An aryl sulfide that is diphenyl sulfide in which each phenyl group is substituted at position 2 by hydroxy and at positions 3 and 5 by chlorine. A fungicide and anthelmintic, it was used in various topical drug products for the treatment of liver flukes,
ut withdrawn after being shown to be a potent photosensitizer with the potential to cause serious skin disorders.
Indications
Bithionol (Actamer) is a phenolic derivative whose
mode of action is related to uncoupling of parasitespecific
fumarate reductase–mediated oxidative phosphorylation.
The drug is administered orally and is absorbed
from the intestinal tract. Peak blood levels are achieved in
4 to 8 hours. Excretion is mainly by the kidneys.
Bithionol is used in treatment of F. hepatica infections
and as an alternative to praziquantel in the treatment
of infestation by P. westermani. It is highly active
against the adult worm but exerts no action against the
migratory stages. A second course of treatment is required
for complete cure in 20 to 30% of patients.
Side effects are generally mild and transient; they
include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, dizziness,
urticaria, and other skin rashes in 50% of patients.
Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO)
Bithionol, which has bactericidal and anthelminthic activity, was
formerly available in soaps. By the late 1960s use of such preparations had been
associated with a risk of photosensitivity reactions and cross-sensitivity with other
halogenated disinfectants. This resulted in their withdrawal in the USA. Oral
preparations of bithionol remain available for the treatment of paragonimiasis and
fascioliasis.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
White or grayish white crystalline powder with a very faint aromatic or phenolic odor.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Insoluble in water.
Reaktivität anzeigen
Bithionol is incompatible with acids, diazo and azo compounds, halocarbons, isocyanates, aldehydes, alkali metals, nitrides, hydrides, and other strong reducing agents. Reactions with these materials may generate heat and toxic or flammable gases.
Hazard
Toxic by ingestion.
Health Hazard
ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: Bithionol is a skin irritant. When heated to decomposition or upon contact with acid or acid fumes, toxic fumes are evolved.
Brandgefahr
Flash point data is not available for Bithionol, but Bithionol is probably combustible.
Mechanism of action
Biothionol is bis-dichlorophenol, and it is structurally similar to hexachlorophene. It is the
antihelmintic drug of choice for treating humans infected with Fasciola hepatica. It is an
alternative drug to praziquantel that is used for treating pulmonary and cerebral paragonimiasis. The exact mechanism of action is not known, although it seems likely that it
inhibits oxidative phosphorylation in Paeagonumus westermani. Synonyms of this drug
are actamer, bitin, prevenol, and others.
Clinical Use
2,2’-Thiobis(4,6-dichlorophenol), or bis(2-hydroxy-3,5-dichlorophenyl)sulfide (Lorothidol, Bithin), a chlorinatedbisphenol, was formerly used in soaps and cosmetics for itsantimicrobial properties but was removed from the marketfor topical use because of reports of contact photodermatitis.Bithionol has useful anthelmintic properties and hasbeen used as a fasciolicide and taeniacide. It is still consideredthe agent of choice for the treatment of infestationscaused by the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica and the lungfluke Paragonimus westermani. Niclosamide is believed tobe superior to it for the treatment of tapeworm infestations.
mögliche Exposition
It is used as a surfactant-formulated
antimicrobial against bacteria, molds and yeast. It is proposed
as an agricultural fungicide. Other uses include deodorant,
germicide, fungistat, and in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals.
It is no longer allowed to be used in cosmetics. A food
additive in feed and drinking water of animals. Also a food
additive permitted in food for human consumption.
Versand/Shipping
UN2811 Toxic solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard
Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1—Poisonous materials, Technical
Name Required.
Inkompatibilitäten
Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates,
nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine,
bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions.
Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases,
strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides.
2,2'-Thiobis-(4,6-dichlor-phenol) Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
