Naloxon Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
Beschreibung
It is worth mentioning that N-allylic substitution in a number of morphine derivatives, as
a rule, leads to antagonistic properties. Naloxone is a few times stronger than nalorphine
as an antagonist. It blocks opiate receptors. It eliminates central and peripheral action of
opioids, including respiratory depression. Naloxone is used upon overdose of narcotic
analgesics.
Verwenden
Naloxone is a specific opioid antagonist. Narcotic antagonist.
Definition
ChEBI: A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an all
l group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.
Biologische Funktion
Because of its fast onset (minutes), naloxone (Narcan)
administered IV is used most frequently for the reversal
of opioid overdose. However, it fails to block some
side effects of the opioids that are mediated by the δ-
receptor, such as hallucinations. The rapid offset of
naloxone makes it necessary to administer the drug repeatedly
until the opioid agonist has cleared the system
to prevent relapse into overdose. The half-life of naloxone
in plasma is 1 hour. It is rapidly metabolized via glucuronidation in the liver and cleared by the kidney.
Naloxone given orally has a large first-pass effect, which
reduces its potency significantly. Often an overshoot
will follow the administration of naloxone for overdose.
The heart rate and blood pressure of the patient may
rise significantly. The overshoot is thought to be due to
precipitation of acute withdrawal signs by naloxone.
Given alone to nonaddicts, naloxone produces no pharmacological
effects.
Naloxone is approved for use in neonates to reverse
respiratory depression induced by maternal opioid use.
In addition, naloxone has been used to improve circulation
in patients in shock, an effect related to blockade of
endogenous opioids. Other experimental and less well
documented uses for naloxone include reversal of coma
in alcohol overdose, appetite suppression, and alleviation
of dementia from schizophrenia. Side effects of
naloxone are minor.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Naloxone (Narcan) is a pure antagonist at allopioid receptor subtypes. Structurally, it resembles oxymorphoneexcept that the methyl group on the nitrogen isreplaced by an allyl group. This minor structural change retains high binding affinity to the receptor, but no intrinsicactivity. It is used to reverse the respiratory depressant effectsof opioid overdoses.
Naloxone is administered intravenously with an onset ofaction within 2 minutes. Because it is competing with theopioid for the receptor sites, the dose and frequency of administrationwill depend on the amount and type of narcoticbeing antagonized. Overdoses of long-acting opioids(methadone) may require multiple IV doses of naloxone orcontinuous infusions. Neonates born to opioid-exposedmothers may be given IV naloxone at birth to reverse the effectsof opiates.
Very few metabolism studies on naloxone have beenconducted, although the major metabolite found in the urineis naloxone-3-glucuronide.
Naloxon Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Bromcyan
Oxymorphon
Allylbromid
Hydrogenchlorid
Essigsäureanhydrid
(5α)-6,7,8,14-Tetradehydro-4,5-epoxy-6-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan-3-ol
Morphinan-6-one, 3-(acetyloxy)-4,5-epoxy-14-hydroxy-17-methyl-, (5α)-
6,11b-Ethano-7H-furo[2',3',4',5':4,5]phenanthro[9,8a-d]oxazol-11(11aH)-one, 2-(acetyloxy)-5,5a,9,10-tetrahydro-, (5aR,6R,8aS,11aR,11bS)-
Morphinan-3,14-diol, 4,5-epoxy-6,6-dimethoxy-17-(2-propen-1-yl)-, (5α)-
IDDUCSVQXOGMNE-GVVUEQADSA-N
(5α)-17-Allyl-4,5-epoxy-3,14-dihydroxymorphinan-6-onhydrochlorid
14-Hydroxymorphin-6-on
Downstream Produkte
