Schwefeltrioxid Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
RAUCHENDE HYGROSKOPISCHE FARBLOSE FLüSSIGKEITODER FARBLOSE BIS WEISSE KRISTALLE.
PHYSIKALISCHE GEFAHREN
Die Dämpfe sind schwerer als Luft. (S. Anm.)
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Starkes Oxidationsmittel. Reagiert sehr heftig mit brennbaren und reduzierenden Stoffen sowie organischen Verbindungen unter Feuer- und Explosionsgefahr. Reagiert sehr heftig mit Wasserund feuchter Luft unter Bildung vonSchwefelsäure. Starke Säure in wässriger Lösung. Reagiert sehr heftig mit Basen. ätzend. Metalle bilden entzündliche/explosionsfähige Gase (Wasserstoff, s. ICSC 0001).
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV nicht festgelegt (ACGIH 2005).
MAK nicht festgelegt (DFG 2005).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation der Dämpfe und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Beim Verdampfen bei 20°C tritt eine gesundheitsschädliche Kontamination der Luft sehr schnell ein.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Substanz verätzt die Augen, die Haut und die Atemwege. ätzend beim Verschlucken.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
Risiko der Lungenschädigung bei wiederholter oder längerer Aerosol-Exposition. Gefahr der Zahnerosion bei wiederholter oder Langzeitexposition gegenüber einem Aerosol dieser Substanz. Nebel starker anorganischer Säuren, die diese Substanz enthalten, sind krebserzeugend für den Menschen.
LECKAGE
Gefahrenbereich verlassen! Fachmann zu Rate ziehen! NICHT mit Sägemehl oder anderen brennbaren Absorptionsmitteln binden. Reste mit trockenem Sand oder inertem Absorptionsmittel aufnehmen und an einen sicheren Ort bringen. Belüftung. Wasserstrahl NIEMALS auf die Flüssigkeit richten. NICHT in die Umwelt gelangen lassen. Chemikalienschutzanzug mit umgebungsluftunabhängigem Atemschutzgerät.
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R45:Kann Krebs erzeugen.
R8:Feuergefahr bei Berührung mit brennbaren Stoffen.
R14:Reagiert heftig mit Wasser.
R26:Sehr giftig beim Einatmen.
R34:Verursacht Verätzungen.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S53:Exposition vermeiden - vor Gebrauch besondere Anweisungen einholen.
S17:Von brennbaren Stoffen fernhalten.
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S8:Behälter trocken halten.
S25:Berührung mit den Augen vermeiden.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Sulfur trioxide, S03, also known as sulfuric anhydride, needles or polymer, exists in a number of modifications that differ in molecular species and crystalline form. It has a white,ice-like modification that melts at 16°C (61°F) and two other as bestos-like forms that melt at the higher temperatures of 33 and 62°C (90 and 144 °F). The colorless liquid or gas form has irritating, toxic fumes and boils at 45 °C (112 °F).
Sulfur trioxide is a highly reactive substance, a strong oxidizing agent,and a fire hazard. It reacts with metallic oxides to form sulfates and with water to form sulfuric acid. Sulfur trioxide is used for sulfonation.
Physikalische Eigenschaften
Colorless liquid at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure; fumes in air.
Sulfur trioxide tends to polymerize, particularly in the presence of traces of water or sulfuric acid. The rate of its polymerization, however, decreasesgreatly as its freezing point is approached. Solid (polymeric) sulfur trioxide exists in three polymorphic phases: alpha-, beta- and gamma- modifications.
The alpha phase is made up of ice-like needles having polymeric crosslinked structure. It melts at 62.3°C and has a vapor pressure of 73 torr at 25°C.
The beta phase is a metastable allotrope with white, asbestos-like, lustrous needles consisting of polymeric molecules, melting at 32.5°C, and with vapor pressure 344 torr at 25°C.
The gamma modification at ordinary temperatures can exist in solid or liquid form. In solid form it is a colloidal ice-like mass melting at 16.8°C. In the liquid form it has a density of 1.9224 g/mL, boiling at 44.8°C. It has a vapor pressure of 433 torr at 25°C. The gamma phase consists of both cyclic trimer and monomer molecules. When solid sulfur trioxide melts, it converts to its gamma phase which on solidification changes to alpha modification.
Critical temperature of SO3 is 217.8°C; critical pressure 80.97 atm; critical density 0.63 g/cm
3; the dielectric constant of liquid SO
3 at 18°C is 3.11.
Sulfur trioxide dissolves in water forming sulfuric acid and generating large heat.
Verwenden
Sulfur trioxide is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of sulphuric acid and oleum for sulphonation, in particular, of dyes and dye-stuffs, and for the production of anhydrous nitric acid and explosives. Solid Sulfur trioxide is marketed under such names as Sulphan and Triosul, and is used primarily for sulphonation of organic acids. Sulphur tetrafluoride is a fluorinating agent. Sulphur hexafluoride serves as a gaseous insulator in high-voltage electric installations. Sulphyryl fluoride is used as an insecticide and a fumigant.
Sulfonation of organic compounds, especially nonionic detergents, solar energy collectors. It is usually generated in the plant where it is to be used.
Vorbereitung Methode
Sulfur trioxide is produced as an intermediate in manufacturing sulfuric acid by the contact process (See Sulfuric Acid). The process involves catalytic oxidation of sulfur dioxide to trioxide.
Sulfur trioxide is prepared in the laboratory by heating fuming sulfuric acid, condensing its vapors, and collecting in a cool receiver. When vapors are condensed below 27°C in the presence of trace moisture, all three polymorphic phases of SO
3 are produced. They can be separated by fractional distillation. Condensation of the vapors above 27°C forms the liquid variety of gamma-sulfur trioxide.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Sulfur trioxide, is a colorless to white crystalline solid which will fume in air. Often shipped with inhibitor to prevent polymerization. Sulfur trioxide reacts violently with water to form sulfuric acid with the release of heat. Sulfur trioxide is corrosive to metals and tissue. Sulfur trioxide causes eye and skin burns. Ingestion causes severe burns of mouth esophagus and stomach. The vapor is very toxic by inhalation. Sulfur trioxide is a fire risk when in contact with organic materials such as wood, cotton, fiberboard, etc.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Combines with water with explosive force, forming sulfuric acid due to its acidity Sulfur trioxide chars most organic substances. On exposure to air Sulfur trioxide absorbs moisture rapidly, emitting dense white fumes [Merck 11th ed. 1989].
Reaktivität anzeigen
The reaction of Sulfur trioxide and oxygen difluoride is very vigorous and explosions occur if the reaction is carried out in the absence of a solvent [J. Chem. Eng. Data 13(4):529-531. 1968]. The reaction of Sulfur trioxide in excess with tetrafluoroethylene causes explosive decomposition to carbonyl fluoride and sulfur dioxide [Chem. Eng. News 49(22):3. 1971]. The reaction of anhydrous perchloric acid with Sulfur trioxide is violent and accompanied by the evolution of considerable heat (Pascal 16:300 1931-34). Liquid Sulfur trioxide reacts violently with nitryl chloride, even at 75° C. The reaction of Sulfur trioxide and lead oxide causes white luminescence [Mellor 7:654 1946-47]. The combination of iodine, pyridine, Sulfur trioxide, and formamide developed a gas over pressurization after several months. This is due to the slow formation of sulfuric acid, from external water or dehydration of the formamide to hydrogen cyanide.
Hazard
Oxidizing agent, fire risk in contact with
organic materials, an explosive increase in vapor
pressure occurs when the α form melts. The anhydride
combines with water, forming sulfuric acid
and evolving heat. Highly toxic, strong irritant to
tissue.
Health Hazard
Sulfur trioxide is highly toxic. It is an irritant and corrosive to mucous membranes. Poisonous if inhaled or swallowed. Contact causes severe burns to skin and eyes.
Brandgefahr
Fire risk in contact with organic materials. An explosive increase in vapor pressure occurs when the alpha form melts. Combines with water with explosive violence, forming sulfuric acid. May ignite other combustible materials (wood, paper, oil, etc.). Flammable poisonous gases may accumulate in tanks and hopper cars. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Forms sulfuric acid on contact with water. Avoid water and organic materials. On exposure to air, Sulfur trioxide absorbs moisture and emits dense white fumes.
Sicherheitsprofil
Poison by inhalation. Human systemic effects by inhalation: cough and other pulmonary and olfactory changes. A corrosive irritant to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Violent reaction with O2F2, PbO, NClO2, HClO4, P, tetrafluorethylene, acetonitrile, sulfuric acid, dimethyl sulfoxide, dioxan, water, diphenylmercury, formamide, iodine, pyridine, metal oxides. Reacts with steam to form corrosive, toxic fumes of sulfuric acid. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of SO,. See also SULFURIC ACID.
mögliche Exposition
Sulfur trioxide is used as a sulfating and sulfonating agent for detergent, lubricating oil additives, and other organic compounds; in solar energy collectors. It is also used as an intermediate in sulfuric acid manufacture and in making explosives.
Lager
The vapour pressure of Sulfur trioxide rises rapidly with increasing temperatures and, when the α-form melts, the pressure rise is explosive; consequently transport and storage containers must withstand pressures of 10 to 15 atm. Sulfur trioxide reacts vigorously and highly exothermically with water to produce hydrosulphuric acid. When exposed to moist air, it fumes and forms a mist of sulphuric acid which eventually fills all the available space; it also corrodes metals. It is a powerful oxidizing agent and, in the liquid phase, carbonizes organic materials.
Versand/Shipping
UN1829 Sulfur trioxide, stabilized, Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material, 6.1-Poisonous Inhalation Hazard, Inhalation Hazard Zone B.
Inkompatibilitäten
Combustible and Corrosive. A strong oxidizer. Reacts violently with water, steam or moisture, releasing corrosive hydrosulfuric acid. Violent reactions occur on contact with strong bases; strong acids, chemically active metals; reducing agents; finely divided metal; cyanides, nitrates, picrates, fulminates, chlorates, sulfides, carbides, phosphorus, dioxygen difluoride, barium oxide; lead oxide; diphenyl mercury; alcohols, nitryl chloride; acetonitrile, dioxane, tetrafluoroethylene.
Waste disposal
Return refillable compressed gas cylinders to supplier. Nonrefillable cylinders should be disposed of in accordance with local, state and federal regulations. Allow remaining gas to vent slowly into atmosphere in an unconfined area or exhaust hood. Refillabletype cylinders should be returned to original supplier with any valve caps and outlet plugs secured and valve protection caps in place.
Schwefeltrioxid Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
