Nonan Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
FARBLOSE FLüSSIGKEIT MIT CHARAKTERISTISCHEM GERUCH.
PHYSIKALISCHE GEFAHREN
Die Dämpfe sind schwerer als Luft.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Reagiert mit starken Oxidationsmitteln.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: 200 ppm (als TWA); (ACGIH 2005).
MAK nicht festgelegt (DFG 2005).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation der Dämpfe und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Beim Verdampfen bei 20°C tritt eine gesundheitsschädliche Kontamination der Luft nicht oder nur sehr langsam ein
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Substanz reizt die Augen, die Haut und die Atemwege. Verschlucken kann zur Aufnahme in der Lunge führen; Gefahr der Aspirationspneumonie. Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf das Zentralnervensystem. Exposition gegenüber Dampf kann Bewusstseinstrübung verursachen.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
Die Flüssigkeit entfettet die Haut.
LECKAGE
Belüftung. Reste mit dry Sand oder inertem Absorptionsmittel aufnehmen und an einen sicheren Ort bringen. (Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzgerät, A-Filter für organische Dämpfe).
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R10:Entzündlich.
R67:Dämpfe können Schläfrigkeit und Benommenheit verursachen.
R65:Gesundheitsschädlich: kann beim Verschlucken Lungenschäden verursachen.
R53:Kann in Gewässern längerfristig schädliche Wirkungen haben.
R20:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Einatmen.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S62:Bei Verschlucken kein Erbrechen herbeiführen. Sofort ärztlichen Rat einholen und Verpackung oder dieses Etikett vorzeigen.
S24/25:Berührung mit den Augen und der Haut vermeiden.
S23:Gas/Rauch/Dampf/Aerosol nicht einatmen(geeignete Bezeichnung(en) vom Hersteller anzugeben).
Chemische Eigenschaften
n-Nonane, C9H20, is a colorless, highly flammable liquid.
Nonane is a constituent in the paraffin
fraction of crude oil and natural gas. It is released to the
environment via the manufacture, use, and disposal of
many products associated with the petroleum and gasoline
industries.
Physikalische Eigenschaften
Clear, colorless, flammable liquid with a gasoline-like odor. An odor threshold concentration of
2.2 ppm
v was reported by Nagata and Takeuchi (1990).
Verwenden
Organic synthesis, biodegradable detergents,
distillation chaser.
Definition
ChEBI: A straight chain alkane composed of 9 carbon atoms.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
A clear colorless liquid with a sharp odor. Flash point 86°F. Insoluble in water and less dense than water. Contact may irritate eyes and possibly injury the cornea. May irritate skin. Vapor inhalation may cause irritation. Prolonged inhalation may lead to breathing difficulty. Ingestion causes abdominal discomfort, nausea and diarrhea.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.
Reaktivität anzeigen
NONANE is incompatible with oxidizing materials. N-NONANE is also incompatible with oxygen. .
Hazard
Flammable, moderate fire risk. Irritant, narcotic in high concentration. Central nervous system
impairment.
Health Hazard
Inhalation of concentrated vapor causes depression, irritation of respiratory tract, and pulmonary edema. Liquid can irritate eyes and (on prolonged contact) skin. Ingestion causes irritation of mouth and stomach. Aspiration causes severe lung irritation, rapidly developing pulmonary edema, and central nervous system excitement followed by depression.
Sicherheitsprofil
Poison by intravenous
route. Mildly toxic by inhalation. Irritating to
respiratory tract. Narcotic in high
concentrations. A very dangerous fire
hazard when exposed to heat or flame; can
react with oxidizing materials. Explosive in
the form of vapor when exposed to heat or
flame. Emitted from modern building
materials (CENEAR 69,22,91). To fight fire,
use CO2, dry chemical. When heated to
decomposition it emits acrid smoke and
irritating fumes.
mögliche Exposition
Nonane is used in the synthesis of biodegradable
detergents as a distillation chaser; an ingredient
in Stoddard solvent and gasoline.
Environmental Fate
Biological. Nonane may biodegrade in two ways. This first is the formation of nonyl hydroperoxide,
which decomposes to 1-nonanol followed by oxidation to nonanoic acid. The other
pathway involves dehydrogenation to 1-nonene, which may react with water giving 1-nonanol
(Dugan, 1972). Microorganisms can oxidize alkanes under aerobic conditions. The most common
degradative pathway involves the oxidation of the terminal methyl group forming 1-nonanol. The
alcohol may undergo a series of dehydrogenation steps forming nonanal then a fatty acid
(nonanoic acid). The fatty acid may then be metabolized by β-oxidation to form the mineralization
products, carbon dioxide, and water (Singer and Finnerty, 1984).
Photolytic. Atkinson reported a photooxidation rate constant of 1.02 x 10
-11 cm
3/molecule?sec
for the reaction of nonane and OH radicals in the atmosphere. Photooxidation reaction rate
constants of 1.0 x 10
-11 and 2.30 x 10
-16 cm
3/molecule?sec were reported for the reaction of nonane
with OH and NO3, respectively (Sablji? and Güsten, 1990).
Chemical/Physical. Complete combustion in air yields carbon dioxide and water.
Versand/Shipping
UN1920 Nonanes, Hazard Class: 3; Labels:
3-Flammable liquid.
läuterung methode
Fractionally distil n-nonane, then stir it with successive volumes of conc H2SO4 for 12hours each until no further coloration is observed in the acid layer. Then wash it with water, dry with MgSO4 and fractionally distil it. Alternatively, it is purified by azeotropic distillation with 2-ethoxyethanol, followed by washing out the alcohol with water, drying and distilling it. [Forziati et al. J Res Nat Bur Stand 36 129 1946, Beilstein 1 IV 447.]
Inkompatibilitäten
Nonane forms explosive mixture with
air. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides,
permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine,
etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep
away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids,
oxoacids, epoxides.
Waste disposal
Dissolve or mix the material
with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical
incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber.
All federal, state, and local environmental regulations
must be observed.
Nonan Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
