Phosphorige Säure-trichlorid Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
FARBLOSE ODER GELBE, RAUCHENDE FLüSSIGKEIT MIT STECHENDEM GERUCH.
PHYSIKALISCHE GEFAHREN
Die Dämpfe sind schwerer als Luft.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Zersetzung beim Erhitzen unter Bildung giftiger und ätzender Rauche mit Chlorwasserstoff und Phosphoroxiden. Reagiert mit Oxidationsmitteln. Reagiert sehr heftig mit Wasser unter Hitzeentwicklung und Bildung von Zersetzungsprodukten (Salzsäure und Phosphorsäure). Feuer- und Explosionsgefahr. Reagiert sehr heftig mit Alkoholen, Phenolen und Basen. Greift Metalle und viele andere Materialien an.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: 0.2 ppm (als TWA); 0.5 ppm (als STEL); (ACGIH 2005).
MAK: 0.5 ppm, 2.8 mg/m? Spitzenbegrenzung: überschreitungsfaktor I(1); Schwangerschaft: Gruppe C; (DFG 2006).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation oder durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Beim Verdampfen bei 20°C kann sehr schnell eine gesundheitsschädliche Kontamination der Luft eintreten.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Substanz verätzt die Augen, die Haut und die Atemwege. Inhalation des Dampfes kann zu Lungenödem führen (s.Anm.). Exposition oberhalb der Arbeitsplatzgrenzwerte kann zum Tod führen. Die Auswirkungen treten u.U. verzögert ein. ärztliche Beobachtung notwendig.
LECKAGE
Gefahrenbereich verlassen! Fachmann zu Rate ziehen! Belüftung. Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit möglichst in abdichtbaren Behältern sammeln. Reste mit trockenem Sand oder inertem Absorptionsmittel aufnehmen und an einen sicheren Ort bringen. Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Chemikalienschutzanzug mit umgebungsluftunabhängigem Atemschutzgerät.
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R14:Reagiert heftig mit Wasser.
R26/28:Sehr giftig beim Einatmen und Verschlucken.
R29:Entwickelt bei Berührung mit Wasser giftige Gase.
R35:Verursacht schwere Verätzungen.
R48/20:Gesundheitsschädlich: Gefahr ernster Gesundheitsschäden bei längerer Exposition durch Einatmen.
R40:Verdacht auf krebserzeugende Wirkung.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S7/8:Behälter trocken und dicht geschlossen halten.
S43:Zum Löschen . . . (vom Hersteller anzugeben) verwenden (wenn Wasser die Gefahr erhöht, anfügen: "Kein Wasser verwenden").
S28:Bei Berührung mit der Haut sofort abwaschen mit viel . . . (vom Hersteller anzugeben).
Beschreibung
Phosphorus trichloride, PCl3, is a clear, colorless, fuming, corrosive liquid. It decomposes rapidly in moist air and has a boiling point of about 168°F (75°C). PCl3 is corrosive to skin and tissue and reacts with water to form hydrochloric acid. The TLV is 0.2 ppm, and the IDLH is 50 ppm in air. The four-digit UN identification number is 1809. The NFPA 704 designation is health 4, flammability 0, and reactivity 2. The white section at the bottom of the diamond contains a W with a slash through it, indicating water reactivity. The primary uses are in the manufacture of organophosphate pesticides, gasoline additives, and dyestuffs; as a chlorinating agent; as a catalyst; and in textile finishing. Corrosives in contact with a poison may produce poison gases as the poison decomposes. In responding to an incident involving corrosives, the toxicity of the vapors could be much more of a concern for personnel than the corrosivity. When acids come in contact with cyanide, hydrogen cyanide gas, which is highly toxic, with a TLV of 10 ppm in air, is produced.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Phosphorus trichloride is a colorless to yellow, fuming liquid. Odor like hydrochloric acid.
Physikalische Eigenschaften
Colorless fuming liquid; pungent odor; refractive index 1.516 at 14°C; density 1.574g/mL at 21°C; boils at 76°C; freezes at -112°C; decomposes in water; soluble in benzene, carbon disulfide, ether and chloroform and other halogenated organic solvents.
Verwenden
Phosphorus trichloride is an important intermediate in the production of insecticides, herbicides, and organophosphorus pesticides as well as other chemicals such as phosphoryl chloride, phosphorus pentachloride, thiophosphoryl chloride, and phosphonic acid. It is also used in the production of synthetic surfactants, phosphites, gasoline additives, flame retardants, silver polish, and producing iridescent metallic deposits.
Vorbereitung Methode
Phosphorus trichloride (PCl3) is made by reacting yellow
phosphorus with chlorine and is used in chemical
manufacturing. It hydrolyzes to phosphoric acid and hydrochloric
acid.
Reaktivität anzeigen
Phosphorus trichloride is a strong reducing agent that may ignite combustible organic materials upon contact. May generate flammable and potentially explosive gaseous hydrogen upon contact with many common metals (except nickel and lead). Reactions with water are violent and produce heat and flashes of fire [AAR, 1999]. Gives intensely exothermic reactions with iodine monochloride [Mellor 2, Supp. 1:502. 1956]. Several laboratory explosions have been reported arising from mixtures with acetic acid, along with other acids, sulfuric acid and derivatives, carboxylic acids, etc. These have been ascribed to poor heat control allowing the formation of phosphine [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 60:488. 1938]. Ignites when mixed with hydroxylamine [Mellor 8:290. 1946-47]. Causes an explosion on contact with nitric acid [Comp. Rend. 28:86]. Phosphorus trichloride is incompatible with many common oxidants such as: sodium peroxide, fluorine, chromyl chloride, iodine chloride, to name a few. Isopropanol can react with PCl3, forming toxic HCl gas. (Logsdon, John E., Richard A. Loke., "Isopropyl Alcohol." Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1996.)
Hazard
Phosphorus trichloride is highly corrosive. Its vapors are an irritant to mucous membranes. Chronic exposure to its vapors can cause bronchitis. It reacts violently with water and explodes in contact with acetic and nitric acids, and several other substances (Patnaik. P. 1999. A Comprehensive Guide to the Hazardous Properties of Chemical Substances, 2
nd. Ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons).
Health Hazard
Phosphorus trichloride is highly toxic; it may cause death or permanent injury. Contact is highly irritating to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes, and the material is an irritant through oral and inhalation exposure.
Brandgefahr
Phosphorus trichloride will react violently with water, producing heat and toxic and corrosive fumes. When heated to decomposition, Phosphorus trichloride emits highly toxic fumes of chlorides and phosphorus oxides. Phosphorus trichloride may ignite other combustible materials. Reacts violently with water. Reacts explosively with acetic acid, aluminum, chromyl chloride, diallylphosphite and allyl alcohol, dimethyl sulfoxide, fluorine, hydroxylamine, iodine monochloride, lead dioxide, nitric acid, nitrous acid, organic matter, potassium, and sodium. Avoid contact with water, steam, or acids. Hazardous polymerization may not occur.
Sicherheitsprofil
Poison by ingestion and
inhalation. A corrosive irritant to skin, eyes
(at 2 ppm), and mucous membranes.
Potentially explosive reaction with
chlorobenzene + sodtum, hethyl
sulfoxide, molten sodmm, chromyl chloride,
nitric acid, sodium peroxide, oxygen (above
100℃), tetravinyl lead. Reacts with
carboxylic acids (e.g., acetic acid) to form
violently unstable products. Violent reaction
or ignition with Al, chromium pentafluoride,
dtallyl phosphite + allyl alcohol, F2,
hexa fluoroisoprop ylideneaminolithium,
hydroxylamine, iodine chloride, PbO2,
HNO2, organic matter, potassium, selenium
dioxide, sulfur acids (e.g., sulfuric acid,
fluorosulfuric acid, oleum). Violent reaction
with water evolves hydrogen chloride and
diphosphane gas, that then ignite.
Incompatible with metals or oxidants. Wdl
react with water, steam, or acids to produce
heat and toxic and corrosive fumes; can
react with oxidzing materials. To fight fire,
use CO2, dry chemical. Used as a
chlorinating agent, catalyst, and chemical
intermedtate. Dangerous; when heated to
decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of
Cland POx.
Versand/Shipping
UN1809 Phosphorous trichloride, Hazard class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, 8-Corrosive material, Inhalation Zone B.
läuterung methode
Heat it under reflux to expel dissolved HCl, then distil it. It has been further purified by vacuum fractionation several times through a -45o trap into a receiver at -78o. [Forbes Inorg Synth II 145 1946.] HARMFUL VAPOURS.
Inkompatibilitäten
Phosphorus trichloride is a strong reducing Violent reaction with water, producing heat and hydrochloric and phosphorous acids. Violent reaction with hydrides, alcohols, phenols and bases; water, when in contact with combustible organics; chemically active metals: sodium, potassium, aluminum; strong sulfuric or nitric acid. Attacks most metals except nickel and lead; may generate flammable hydrogen gas on contact with metals. Attacks plastics, rubber, and coatings.
Waste disposal
Decompose with water, forming phosphoric and hydrochloric acids. The acids may then be neutralized and diluted slowly to solution of soda ash and slaked lime with stirring, then flush to sewer with large volumes of water.
Phosphorige Säure-trichlorid Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
