Oxamyl Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R21:Gesundheitsschädlich bei Berührung mit der Haut.
R26/28:Sehr giftig beim Einatmen und Verschlucken.
R51/53:Giftig für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gewässern längerfristig schädliche Wirkungen haben.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S36/37:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzkleidung tragen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S61:Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden. Besondere Anweisungen einholen/Sicherheitsdatenblatt zu Rate ziehen.
Beschreibung
Oxamyl, is also called N,N-dimethyl-2-methylcarbamoyloxyimino-
2-(methylthio)acetamide (IUPAC), consists of colorless
crystals, which are readily soluble in water, methanol,
ethanol, acetone, and fairly soluble in toluene.
Oxamyl is produced by chlorination of the oxime of
methylglycolate, reaction with methanethiol and alkali,
and conversion to the carbamate with methyl isocyanate.
Verwenden
Oxamyl is a pesticide used in the treatment and protection of crops from parasites and insects.
Landwirtschaftliche Anwendung
Insecticide, Nematicide, Acaricide: A systemic and contact insecticide/acaricide and
nematicide, oxamyl is a restricted use pesticide used on
apples, bananas, carrots, celery, citrus, cotton, cucumbers,
eggplants, garlic, ginger, muskmelon (including cantaloupe
and honeydew melon), onion (dry bulb), peanuts,
pears, peppers, peppermint, pineapples, plantains, potatoes,
pumpkins, soybeans, spearmint, squash, sweet potatoes,
tobacco, tomatoes, watermelons, yams. Oxamyl is
also used on non-bearing apple, cherry, citrus, peach, pear,
and tobacco. It is applied directly onto plants or the soilsurface. It is available in both liquid and granular form, but
the granular form is banned in the U.S. It has no residential
use. Registered for use in EU countries[115
Handelsname
BLADE®; D-1410®; DPX 1410®;
INSECTICIDE-NEMACIDE 1410®; OXAMYL
CARBAMATE INSECTICIDE®; THIOXAMYL®;
VYDATE®; VYDATE® 10G; VYDATE L®; VYDATE
INSECTICIDE/NEMATICIDE®; VYDATE OXAMYL
INSECTICIDE/NEMATOCIDE®[C]
Sicherheitsprofil
Poison by ingestion,
skin contact, and inhalation. Experimental
reproductive effects. Moderately toxic by
skin contact. When heated to decomposition
it emits very toxic fumes of NOx and SOx
mögliche Exposition
Oxamyl is a white crystalline solid. Sulfur or
garlic-like odor. Molecular weight=219.3
Environmental Fate
Soil. Oxamyl rapidly degraded in a loamy sand and fine sand soil at 25°C to carbon
dioxide and the intermediate methyl N-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyl-1-thiooxaminidate (Rajagopol
et al., 1984). The reported half-life in soil is approximately one week (Worthing
and Hance, 1991). Ou and Rao (1986) reported a half-life in soil of 8–50 days. The reported
half-lives of oxamyl in Pitstone, Devizes, Sutton Veany and Mepal soils at 15°C were
reported to be 10.2–13.1, 6.2, 7.1 and 17.8 days, respectively (Bromilow et al., 1980).
Smelt et al. (1987) reported that oxamyl degraded at a higher rate in field plots after
repeated applications of this nematocide than in soils that received no treatment. The
repeated applications of oxamyl to soils probably induced microbial activity, which
resulted in the accelerated disappearance of this compound.
Harvey and Han (1978) reported a half-life of 8 days for oxamyl in soil.
Groundwater. According to the U.S. EPA (1986) oxamyl has a high potential to leach
to groundwater.
Plant. Dislodgable residues of oxamyl on cotton leaf 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after
application (0.41 kg/ha) were 1.5, 1.1, 1.2, 0.85 and 0.76 mg/m2, respectively (Buck et al.,
1980).
Chemical/Physical. The hydrolysis half-lives of oxamyl in a sterile 1% ethanol/water
solution at 25°C and pH values of 4.5, 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0, were 300, 17, 1.6 and 0.20 weeks,
respectively (Chapman and Cole, 1982). Under alkaline conditions, oxam
Stoffwechselwegen
Oxamyl degrades in soils, plants and animals following common metabolic
pathways. Primary degradation reactions include the hydrolysis of
the carbamate ester to yield the corresponding oxyimidothioate and
nitrile. Other major metabolic reactions include N-demethylation and the
hydration/oxidation of the nitriles to the corresponding amides and
acids. The majority of the oxamyl metabolites are recovered as conjugates
in plants and animals. No metabolites containing the oxidised thiomethyl
group were observed. The primary degradation/metabolic pathways of
oxamyl are presented in Scheme 1.
Versand/Shipping
UN2811 Toxic solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard
Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical
Name Required. UN2991 Carbamate pesticides, liquid,
toxic, flammable, flash point ＜23°C, Hazard Class: 6.1;
Labels: 6.1-Poisonous material, 3-Flammable liquid.
Inkompatibilitäten
Compounds of the carboxyl group react
with all bases, both inorganic and organic (i.e., amines)
releasing substantial heat, water and a salt that may be
harmful. Incompatible with arsenic compounds (releases
hydrogen cyanide gas), diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates,
isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, and sulfides
(releasing heat, toxic, and possibly flammable gases), thiosulfates
and dithionites (releasing hydrogen sulfate and oxides
of sulfur).
Waste disposal
Consult with environmental
regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal
2264 Oxamyl
practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant
(≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing
storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal.
Small quantities may be treated with alkali and buried in a
landfill. In accordance with 40CFR165, follow recommendations
for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers.
Must be disposed properly by following package label directions
or by contacting your local or federal environmental
control agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office.
Oxamyl Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
