Cycloheximid Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
FARBLOSE KRISTALLE.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Zersetzung beim Erhitzen unter Bildung giftiger und ätzender Rauche mit Stickstoffoxiden.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV nicht festgelegt (ACGIH 2005).
MAK nicht festgelegt (DFG 2005).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Verdampfung bei 20°C vernachlässigbar; eine gesundheitsschädliche Partikelkonzentration in der Luft kann jedoch schnell erreicht werden.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Substanz reizt die Augen und die Haut. Exposition kann zum Tod führen (s. Anm.).
LECKAGE
Gefahrenbereich verlassen! Fachmann zu Rate ziehen! NICHT in die Kanalisation spülen. Verschüttetes Material in abdichtbaren Behältern sammeln. Reste sorgfältig sammeln. An sicheren Ort bringen. Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzgerät, P2-Filter für schädliche Partikel.
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R22:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Verschlucken.
R68:Irreversibler Schaden möglich.
R61:Kann das Kind im Mutterleib schädigen.
R51/53:Giftig für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gewässern längerfristig schädliche Wirkungen haben.
R28:Sehr giftig beim Verschlucken.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S53:Exposition vermeiden - vor Gebrauch besondere Anweisungen einholen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S61:Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden. Besondere Anweisungen einholen/Sicherheitsdatenblatt zu Rate ziehen.
Beschreibung
Cycloheximide is a glutarimide-type antibiotic produced by Streptomyces
griseus. Colorless crystals, C15H23NO4 (281.4), melting
point: 115.5–117 ?C, weak acidic substance (pKa 11.2),
Soluble in chloroform, isopropanol and methanol; water >
21 g/L (2 ?C). Stable in pH 3–5, but rapidly destroyed in
alkaline solutions.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Off-white to light tan powder
Verwenden
Cycloheximide is an antibiotic substance isolated from the beers of streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. Cycloheximide is used as fungicide.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Colorless crystals. Used as a fungicide and as a anticancer drug.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Water soluble.
Reaktivität anzeigen
Actidione is an imide. Actidione is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, acid chlorides and acid anhydrides. Actidione decomposes rapidly in alkali at room temperature.
Health Hazard
Actidione is extremely toxic; the probable oral lethal dose in humans is 5-50 mg/kg, or 7 drops to 1 teaspoonful for a 150-lb. person.
Brandgefahr
When exposed to heat, Actidione emits toxic fumes, including nitrogen oxides.
Landwirtschaftliche Anwendung
Fungicide; plant growth regulator: A U.S. EPA restricted Use Pesticide (RUP). Used
as an antibiotic, plant growth regulator, and protein synthesis inhibitor. Inhibits growth of many plant pathogenic
fungi. Effective for control of powdery mildew on roses
and many other ornamentals, rusts and leaf spots on lawn
grasses, and azalea petal blight. Also used as a repellent for
rodents and other animal pests and in cancer therapy. Not
listed for use in EU countries
Handelsname
ACTI-AID®[C]; ACTIDIONE®[C];
ACTIDIONE® TGF[C]; ACTIDONE®; ACTIDONE®
PM; ACTIDONE® TGF; ACTISPRAY; HIZAROCIN®;
KAKEN®; NARAMYCIN®; NARAMYCIN A®;
NEOCYCLOHEXIMIDE®; U-4527
Biologische Aktivität
Selective inhibitor of eukaryotic (over prokaryotic) protein synthesis, blocking tRNA binding and release from ribosomes. Induces apoptosis in a variety of transformed and normal cell lines, including T-cells. Competitively inhibits the PPIase hFKBP12 (K i = 3.4 μ M). Antifungal antibiotic.
Pharmakologie
Strongly inhibits the growth of pathogenic fungi but no
effects on bacterial growth, even at 100 mg/ml. Inhibits
protein synthesis by interfering with the translocation
step in eukaryotes, but not in prokaryotes. When
ingested by animals, the agent causes excitement, tremors,
salivation, diarrhea, and melena.
mögliche Exposition
A potential danger to those involved
in the manufacture, formulation, or application of this fun-
gicide and pesticide. Used as an antibiotic, plant growth
regulator, and protein synthesis inhibitor. Used on oranges
for processing and to inhibit growth of many pathogenic
plant fungi. Also used as a repellent for rodents and other
animal pests; and in cancer therapy.
Carcinogenicity
Cycloheximide is genotoxic in Escherichia
coli with metabolic activation and in the mouse
sperm morphology assay. Carcinogenicity
bioassays in the mouse and rat are inconclusive.
Environmental Fate
CHX is a potent inhibitor of protein synthesis in animals. It
binds to E-site of 70S ribosome-mRNA complex, blocking the
translational step of protein biosynthesis. It causes an increase
in adrenal RNA and increased production of glucocorticoids.
Stoffwechsel
Rapidly inactivated at room temperature by diluted alkali
with the formation of a volatile, fragrant ketone, 2,4-
dimethylcyclohexanone. Hazardous to fish and wildlife.
läuterung methode
It crystallises from H2O /MeOH (4:1), amyl acetate, isopropyl acetate/isopropyl ether or H2O. [Beilstein 21/13 V 434.]
Inkompatibilitäten
Incompatible with oxidizers, acid anhy-
drides; strong bases.
Waste disposal
High-temperature incinerator
with flue gas scrubbing equipment.
Cycloheximid Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
